" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

In the meantime, a call went out through the Muslim world that al-Andalus was a safe haven for friends of the house of Umayya, if not for Abd al-Rahman's scattered family that managed to evade the Abbasids.

* Religious family ( Muslim and Hindu law )

In 1192, Saladin assigned responsibility for it to the Muslim Nuseibeh family.

* Joudeh family ( Muslim custodian )

* Nuseibeh family ( Muslim custodian )

During his visit to Rawalpindi in 1885, the Amir requested the Viceroy of India to depute a Muslim Envoy to Kabul having noble birth and of ruling family background.

It may also refer to the Muslim scholars who created the analytical sciences related to Hadith or it may refer to the heads of the Prophet Muhammad's family in their generational times.

A Muslim shawl making family shown in Cashmere shawl manufactory, 1867, chromolith., William Simpson.

The great majority of Kosovo Albanians ( perhaps 97 %) have Muslim family backgrounds, as do the Bosniak, Gorani, and Turkish communities and by some of the Roma / Ashkali / Egyptian community.

The Shihabs were originally a Sunni Muslim family, but had converted to Christianity.

Islamic principles were embedded in the 1987 constitution, for instance, Article 2 of the constitution stated that Islam was the state religion, and Article 73 stated that the head of state had to be born into a Muslim Afghan family.

Born to a lower middle-class Muslim family in the Gamaleyya quarter of Cairo, Mahfouz was named after Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz ( 1882 – 1974 ), the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him.

It mentions the links to Christianity of Arghun's family, and proposes a combined military conquest of Muslim lands:

Ali and his family were dismayed, but accepted the appointment for the sake of unity in the early Muslim community.

Eventually a Muslim Susu family called Senko supplanted the town's Temne rulers.

In western countries where Islamic immigration is more recent, Muslim minorities have introduced sharia family law for use in their own disputes, such as Britain's Muslim Arbitration Tribunal.

In these Muslim countries, as well as the non-Muslim West, the role of sharia is limited to personal and family matters.

Some of the largest Muslim countries, including Indonesia and Bangladesh have largely secular constitutions and laws, but with Islamic law provisions in family law.

Zheng, born as Ma He ( 馬和 / 马和 ), was the second son of a Muslim family which also had four daughters, from Kunyang, present day Jinning, just south of Kunming near the southwest corner of Lake Dian in Yunnan.

A new theocratic state, subsequently called the " Lebou Republic " by the French, was established under the leadership of the Diop, a Muslim clerical family originally from Koki in Cayor.

The boundary troubles with Castile restarted in 1164: he then met at Soria with the Lara family, who represented Alfonso VIII, and a truce was established, allowing him to move against the Muslim Almoravids who still held much of southern Spain, and to capture the cities of Alcántara and Alburquerque.

For instance, Article 2 of the constitution stated that Islam was the state religion, and Article 73 stated that the head of state had to be born into a Muslim Afghan family.

He promulgated the fuero of tortum per tortum, facilitating taking the law into one's own hands, which among others reassumed the Muslim right to dwell in the city and their right to keep their properties and practice their religion under their own jurisdiction as long as they maintained tax payment and relocated to the suburbs.

Following a protracted legal process culminating in a court ruling favorable to the Bahá ' ís, the interior minister of Egypt released a decree on April 14, 2009, amending the law to allow Egyptians who are not Muslim, Christian, or Jewish to obtain identification documents that list dash in place of one of the three recognized religions.

Much of the Muslim world uses Sharia ( also called Islamic law ).

Although many hard-line and extremist Muslim societies have adopted capital punishment for other than the crime of murder, this is in violation of the Qur ' anic law mentioned above, and so is rejected by most orthodox commentators and scholars.

Dhimmis often took cases relating to marriage, divorce or inheritance to the Muslim courts so these cases would be decided under sharia law.

The transfer of debt, which was " not permissible under Roman law but became widely practiced in medieval Europe, especially in commercial transactions ", was due to the large extent of the " trade conducted by the Italian cities with the Muslim world in the Middle Ages ".

Leading Islamist thinkers emphasize the enforcement of Sharia ( Islamic law ); of pan-Islamic political unity ; and of the elimination of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world, which they believe to be incompatible with Islam.

On the other hand, Muslim-owned and run media ( not just Western media ) have used the terms " Islamist " and " Islamism " — as distinguished from Muslim and Islam — to distinguish groups such as the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria or Jamaa Islamiya in Egypt, which actively seek to implement Islamic law, from mainstream Muslim groups.

Like Maududi, Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all non-Muslim imperialist influence in the Muslim world.

He believed that imitation of the early Muslims and the restoration of Sharia law were essential to Islam, that secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West serving Western interests, and that the " plundering " of Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Christian West.

His concept of velayat-e-faqih (" guardianship of the jurist "), held that the leading Shia Muslim cleric in society – which Khomeini and his followers believed to be himself – should serve as head of state in order to protect or " guard " Islam and Sharia law from " innovation " and " anti-Islamic laws " passed " by sham parliaments.

* 1991 – Sudan's government imposes Islamic law nationwide, worsening the civil war between the country's Muslim north and Christian south.

Also in the small state of Goa, a civil code based on the old Portuguese Family Laws was allowed to continue, and Muslim Personal law was prohibited by Nehru.

While Nehru exempted Muslim law from legislation and they remained un-reformed, he did pass the Special Marriage Act in 1954.

The Special Marriage Act allowed Muslims to marry under it and thereby retain the protections, generally beneficial to Muslim women, that could not be found in the personal law.

In the Mughal state, therefore, defiance of imperial authority, whether coming from a prince or anyone else aspiring to political power, or a Muslim or a Hindu, was crushed in the name of law and order.

Although Christians, both Western and Eastern, were by law prohibited from being sold into slavery, the native Christians were often indistinguishable from the Muslim population and the Italian merchants were sometimes accused of selling them along with Muslim slaves.

Though the Gaonic tradition, especially in its North African version, formed the basis of his legal thought, some scholars have argued recently that Muslim law, including Almohad legal thought, also had a substantial impact.

The Cordillera Administrative Region will become an autonomous region and will receive the setup granted to Muslim Mindanao if voters would approve an organic law that would create a Cordillera Autonomous Region.

These similarities in civil law include: a ) a charter which affirms the primacy of Muslim shari ' a or religious law, although in practice shari ' a is applied mainly to matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and civil issues.