Upon being appointed Prime Minister of Italy, Mussolini had to form a coalition government, because the Fascists did not have control over the Italian parliament.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

Fascist leaders who ruled countries were not always heads of state, but were heads of government, such as Benito Mussolini, who held power under the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III.

In 1941, Alfa Romeo was confiscated by the fascist government of Benito Mussolini as part of the Axis Powers ' war effort.

A government of young men led by Mehdi Frasheri, an enlightened Bektashi administrator, won a commitment from Italy to fulfill financial promises that Mussolini had made to Albania and to grant new loans for harbor improvements at Durrës and other projects that kept the Albanian government afloat.

With the collapse of the Mussolini government in line with the Allied invasion of Italy, Germany occupied Albania in September 1943, dropping paratroopers into Tirana before the Albanian guerrillas could take the capital.

However, once Mussolini acquired a firmer hold of power, laissez-faire and free trade were progressively abandoned in favour of government intervention and protectionism.

Whatever the results of the investigation, Mussolini insisted that the Greek government pay Italy fifty million lire in reparations.

* 1922 – March on Rome: Italian fascists led by Benito Mussolini march on Rome and take over the Italian government.

The Fascist government had direct rule only over the Benadir territory Given the defeat of the Dervish movement in the early 1920s and the rise of fascism in Europe, on 10 July 1925, Mussolini gave the green light to De Vecchi to start the takeover of the north-eastern sultanates.

During the 1920s, the government of Yemen forged relations with the Italian government under Mussolini, which lead to the conclusion of an Italian-Yemeni friendship treaty on September 2, 1926.

At approximately 1830 Central European time, Adolf Hitler postpones Fall Weiss for 5 days, after receiving a message from Benito Mussolini that he will not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacks Poland, and because Chamberlain's government has not fallen as a result of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.

< imagemap > File: 1920s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: Third Tipperary Brigade Flying Column No. 2 under Sean Hogan during the Irish Civil War ; Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol in accordance to the 18th amendment, which made alcoholic beverages illegal throughout the entire decade ; In 1927, Charles Lindbergh embarks on the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris on the Spirit of St. Louis ; A crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929 stock market crash, which led to the Great Depression ; Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March on Rome in 1922 ; the People's Liberation Army attacking government defensive positions in Shandong, during the Chinese Civil War ; The Women's suffrage campaign leads to numerous countries granting women the right to vote and be elected ; Babe Ruth becomes the iconic baseball player of the time .| 420px | thumb

* Benito Mussolini of the National Fascist Party became Prime Minister of Italy, shortly thereafter creating the world's first fascist government.

But before they arrived, members of the Italian resistance movement took control of the city and executed Mussolini along with several members of his collaborationist government.

Three days after the fall of Mussolini, PFS rule collapsed and the new government declared neutrality in the conflict.

During the 1930s, Gelli volunteered for the " Black Shirts " expeditionary forces sent by Mussolini to Spain in support of Francisco Franco's rebellion, and subsequently became a liaison officer between the Italian government and the Third Reich, with contacts including Hermann Göring.

After the March on Rome, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign a decree to declare a state of siege, and asked Mussolini to form a new government.

Mussolini's Grand Fascist Council, with the co-operation of the King, overthrew Mussolini and established a new government headed by Marshal Pietro Badoglio.

German paratroopers rescued Mussolini from the hilltop hotel in which he had been imprisoned by the new government.

Rome descended into chaos as fighting erupted between Mussolini loyalists and supporters of the new government, as well as leftist opponents of fascism who emerged from hiding.

King Victor Emmanuel III was too compromised by recent history, particularly his acquiescence to Mussolini ’ s demand that the government be handed over to the Fascists.

The Italian fascist régime ( 1922 – 45 ) of Prime Minister Benito Mussolini regarded the bourgeoisie as an obstacle to Modernism in aid to transforming Italian society.

Recently, a number of specialists in Italian history have challenged this by arguing that Mussolini possessed a belief in the spazio vitale ( vital space ) as a guiding foreign policy concept in which the entire Mediterranean, the Balkans, the Middle East and the Horn of Africa were regarded as rightfully belonging to Italy.

The following year Eden resigned, exasperated by the continued interference of the Prime Minister in foreign affairs and his increasingly determined policy of appeasement ( particularly of Benito Mussolini, whom Eden regarded as an untrustworthy gangster ).

As a result, Adolf Hitler was so convinced of the veracity of the bogus documents that he disagreed with Benito Mussolini that Sicily would be the most likely invasion point, insisting that any incursion against the island should be regarded as a feint.

Mussolini even had his sights set on the former German colony of Kamerun.

Mussolini had laid claims to Kenya, but Hitler planned the dissection of the colony, with the southern part and the capital Nairobi forming a territory of the German Mittelafrika.

* After the first months of the war were over, Benito Mussolini boasted that Italy had conquered a territory the size of England in the Horn of Africa, even if the Italians had nothing to show for their offensive efforts except for the colony of British Somaliland, the Sudanese border outposts of Karora, Gallabat, Kurmak and Kassala, and the area in Kenya around Moyale and Buna.

Accompanying George, who was by then chasing fast planes-in addition to his numerous women-Marthe flew everywhere: the United Kingdom ( she counted among her friends the Duke of Devonshire Edward Cavendish, the Duke of Sutherland George, Vita Sackville-West, Philip Sassoon, Enid Bagnold, Violet Trefusis, Lady Leslie and Rothschild family members ), Belgium, Italy ( where she met Benito Mussolini in 1936 ), the Italian colony of Tripolitania ( Libya ), Istanbul, the United States ( in 1934, as guests of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor ), Raguse, Belgrade and Athens.

For strategic reasons, it was desirable for the ( essentially agnostic ) fascist movements of Benito Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany not to alienate Catholics en masse.

Mussolini, in October 1940, used his Albanian base to launch an attack on Greece, which led to the defeat of the Italian forces and the Greek occupation of Southern Albania in what was seen by the Greeks as the liberation of Northern Epirus.

Mussolini, who called Leros " the Corregidor of the Mediterranean ", saw the island as a crucial base for the Italian domination of the eastern Aegean Sea, and even built a mansion for himself in the town of Portolago.

Caligula had two large ships constructed for himself, which were recovered from the bottom of Lake Nemi during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini.

Mussolini had no hesitation in attributing the attack to the German dictator: the news reached him at Cesena, where he was examining the plans for a psychiatric hospital.

The exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II praised Mussolini for his foreign policy and diplomacy.

Lenin regretted that Mussolini had abandoned Marxism and had become an anti-communist, as Lenin believed that Mussolini had once been the best public figure of Marxism in Italy, and blamed the Italian Socialist Party for having " lost " Mussolini.

On 3 January 1925, Mussolini addressed the Fascist-dominated Italian parliament and declared that he was personally responsible for what happened, but he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.

Mussolini called for irredentist Italian claims to be reclaimed, establishing Italian domination of the Mediterranean Sea and securing Italian access to the Atlantic Ocean, and the creation of Italian spazio vitale (" vital space ") in the Mediterranean and Red Sea regions.

Mussolini promised a “ social revolution ” for “ remaking ” the Italian people.

In 1934, Mussolini declared that employment of women was a " major aspect of the thorny problem of unemployment " and that for women, working was " incompatible with childbearing ".

Mussolini went on to say that the solution to unemployment for men was the " exodus of women from the work force ".

Mussolini argued that Italian Fascism acknowledged the positive achievements of dynamic and heroic capitalism for its contribution to industrialism and its technical developments, but that it did not favour supercapitalism, which he claimed was incompatible with Italy's agricultural sector.

Mussolini denounced supercapitalism for causing the " standardization of humankind " and for causing excessive consumption.

The Axis, too, believed that the capture of Egypt was imminent ; Italian leader Benito Mussolini — sensing an historic moment — flew to Libya to prepare for his triumphal entry to Cairo.

In Mussolini ’ s Italy, Fellini and Riccardo became members of the Avanguardista, the compulsory Fascist youth group for males.

During his visits, Ribbentrop met with Simon and Benito Mussolini, and asked them to postpone the next meeting of the Bureau of Disarmament, in exchange for which Ribbentrop offered nothing in return other than promising better relations with Berlin.

Ribbentrop's efforts were crowned with success with the signing of the Pact of Steel in May 1939, though this was accomplished only by falsely assuring Mussolini that there would be no war for the next three years.

On 25 August 1939, Ribbentrop's influence with Hitler wavered for a moment when the news reached Berlin of the ratification of the Anglo-Polish military alliance and a personal message from Mussolini telling Hitler that Italy would dishonour the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland.

There he repeated in a different form all that he had already said, for all the world as if he had a gramophone fixed in his brain ... When I took leave, he subjected me to an interminable handshake, meanwhile fixing his cold blue eyes on mine, and repeating almost word for word what he said to me on arrival ... I felt I should never be able to establish any human contact with this man " In early June 1940, when Mussolini informed Hitler that he at long last would enter the war on 10 June 1940, Hitler was most dismissive, in private calling Mussolini a cowardly opportunist who broke the terms of the Pact of Steel in September 1939 when the going looked rough, and was only entering the war in June 1940 after it was clear that France was beaten and it appeared that Britain would soon make peace.