On May 31, 1961, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed suit in the U. S. District Court, alleging that the university had rejected Meredith only because of the color of his skin, as he had a highly successful record.

In September 1975, the Georgia Legal Services Program, on behalf of local NAACP members, filed suit in US District Court, alleging that women and blacks were systematically excluded from grand juries responsible for appointing members to the McIntosh County Board of Education.

The NAACP Legal Defense Fund brought the Swann case on behalf of six-year-old James Swann and nine other families, with Julius L. Chambers presenting the case.

The Association, represented throughout by Robert L. Carter of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, responded by moving to dissolve the order on the grounds that its activities within the state did not require its qualification under the statute and that the state's suit was intended to violate its rights to freedom of speech and of assembly as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States.

In 1981, after Ronald Reagan took office, she joined the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ( LDF ) as an assistant counsel, eventually becoming head of its Voting Rights project.

* 1950 Charles Hamilton Houston ( Chairman, NAACP Legal Committee )

In 1953 the NAACP Legal Defense Fund asked Commager for advice for their argument before the Supreme Court for the case of Brown vs Board of Education, but at the time he was not persuaded that this litigation would succeed on historical grounds, and so advised the lawyers.

Volunteer lawyers from the NAACP Legal Defense Fund Inc (" Ink Fund "), National Lawyers Guild, Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee ( LCDC ) an arm of the ACLU, and the Lawyers ' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law ( LCCR ) provided free legal services — handling arrests, freedom of speech, voter registration and other matters.

The judges were Julius Chambers, President, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ; Maxwell Lillienstein, General Counsel, American Booksellers Association ; and Anthony Podesta, Founding President, People for the American Way.

Under his leadership, the NAACP set up the Legal Defense Fund, which raised numerous legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, and achieved many successes.

Following a clerkship with Supreme Court Justice Byron White, Kendall spent five years as an associate counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, focusing on criminal defense practice, handling high-profile death penalty cases including Coker v. Georgia and the death penalty appeals of John Arthur Spenkelink and Gary Gilmore.

Drinan served on the Board of Directors of People for the American Way, the International League for Human Rights, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, the International Labor Rights Fund, Americans for Democratic Action, and the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

In the early 1990s, in Trouillon v. City of Hawthorne, the Legal Defense and Education Fund of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) successfully challenged an urban renewal plan on the basis of race discrimination by bringing suit under the Fair Housing Act.

Marshall — working as special counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund — determined that the first course of action should be a publicity campaign mounted with the aim of gathering public support for the release of the men.

She began practicing law with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc .' s Mississippi office, working on racial justice issues connected with the civil rights movement and representing activists during the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964.

Bell recruited Wade McCree, an African American then serving as a judge on the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, to serve as United States Solicitor General, and Drew S. Days, III, an African American lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund he had admired in oral arguments before him, to head the Civil Rights Division.

In the early 1980s he worked in private law, including volunteer counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

From 1981 to 1986, he was a volunteer counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

Logo of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

* Hooks, Benjamin L. " Birth and Separation of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ," Crisis 1979 86 ( 6 ): 218-220.

Crafting Law in the Second Reconstruction: Julius Chambers, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and Title VII.

* Tauber, Steven C. " The NAACP Legal Defense Fund and the U. S. Supreme Court's Racial Discrimination Decision Making ," Social Science Quarterly 1999 80 ( 2 ): 325-340.

The Impact of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund on Capital Punishment Decision Making in the U. S. Courts of Appeals ," Political Research Quarterly 1998 51 ( 1 ): 191-219.

He has been honored by organizations representing the spectrum of issues to which he has devoted his career, including the Hubert H. Humphrey Civil Rights Award from LCCR ; the Benjamin Hooks " Keeper of the Flame " Award from the national NAACP ; the Public Service Achievement Award from Common Cause ; the Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award from the Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund ; the " National Good Guy Award " from the National Women's Political Caucus ; the Isaiah Award for the Pursuit of Justice from the American Jewish Committee ; the Flag Bearer Award from Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays ( P-FLAG ); the Edison Uno Memorial Civil Rights Award from the Japanese American Citizens League ; the University of Chicago Alumni Public Service Citation ; " Citizen of the Year " from the Guillian-Barr Syndrome Foundation International ; and named in 2004 one of Vanity Fair's " Best Stewards of the Environment.

# redirect NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

* NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

# redirect NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Expelled from France by the Nazis in 1941, on her return to the United States, Miriam Davenport became involved in a number of humanitarian efforts including the Progressive Schools Committee for Refugee Children, the International Rescue and Relief Committee, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

Her legal career began as a law clerk in the fledgling NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ( LDF ), where she worked with a distinguished group of civil rights attorneys, among them future U. S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, prominent Jewish-American civil-rights advocate Jack Greenberg, and many others.

Returning to the United States in 1969, he became first assistant counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund in New York City.

* NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund is formed.

Greenberg became the only white legal counselor for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (" LDF ") in 1949, and, in 1961, succeeded Thurgood Marshall as LDF's Director-Counsel.

Soon afterwards, Bell took a position as an assistant counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ( LDF ), crafting legal strategies at the forefront of the battle to undo racist laws and segregation in schools.

Robinson also chaired the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's ( NAACP ) million-dollar Freedom Fund Drive in 1957, and served on the organization's board until 1967.

During the 1920s, the ACLU expanded its scope to also include protecting the free speech rights of artists and striking workers, and working with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) to combat racism.

De Palma followed this with various small films for the NAACP and The Treasury Department.

* In 1991, Powell was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.

The film was widely criticized and subject to boycotts by anti-racist organizations such as the NAACP.

* 1909 – The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) is founded.

He received numerous honors for his work, including the Spingarn Medal of the NAACP.

The NAACP claimed that Parker had made many court decisions against African-Americans, and they fought the nomination.

The NAACP was successful in gaining Senator Borah's support and the nomination was defeated by one vote in the Senate.

His work on the series earned him the 1996 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.

In 2002, the NAACP awarded Marrow with a second Image Award, again for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, for his work on Law & Order: SVU.

In December 1956, the NAACP recognized him with the Spingarn Medal, which it awards annually for the highest achievement by an African-American.

Lawrence was honored as an artist, teacher, and humanitarian when the NAACP awarded him the Spingarn Medal in 1970 for his outstanding achievements.

NAACP organizers believed that Parks was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience.

She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon, president of the local chapter of the NAACP ; and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a new minister in town who gained national prominence in the civil rights movement.

At the time, Parks was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP.

He was a member of the NAACP, which at the time was collecting money to support the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, a group of black men falsely accused of raping two white women.

In December 1943, Parks became active in the Civil Rights Movement, joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP, and was elected secretary.

Edgar Nixon, president of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and leader of the Pullman Union, and her friend Clifford Durr bailed Parks out of jail the next evening.

Although it is not explicitly protected in the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled, in NAACP v. Alabama,, freedom of association to be a fundamental right protected by it.

John Haynes Holmes, a Unitarian minister and social activist at The Community Church of New York — Unitarian Universalist was among the founders of both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) in 1909 and the American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ), chairing the latter for a time.

Willkie spoke often of the need to uplift blacks and addressed a convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) in 1942, one of the most prominent politicians to do so up to that time.

" During this time, Willkie also worked with Walter White, executive secretary of the NAACP, to try to convince Hollywood to change its portrayal of blacks in the movies.