Part of front page of Gray's patent, showing PCM tube ( 10 ) with reflected binary code in plate ( 15 )

He later participated in the early days of the digital revolution, with Raymond W. Sears, William M. Goodall, John Robinson Pierce, and others at Bell Labs, by providing the binary code used by Sears in his PCM tube, a beam-deflection tube of the type that Sears and Pierce collaborated on, which was used in Goodall's " Television by pulse code modulation ".

In the mid 20th century, a " codec " was hardware that coded analog signals into Pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) and decoded them back.

It's technology was more similar to conventional PCM synthesis, such as in a JD-800, rather than the virtual analog synths of today that digitally model the behavior of analog oscillators.

The music format was originally based exclusively on ATRAC audio data compression, but the option of linear PCM digital recording was later introduced to attain audio quality comparable to that of a compact disc.

ATRAC was devised for MiniDisc so that the same amount of audio a CD can carry can fit on a disc far smaller than the CD ( which contains uncompressed 16-bit stereo linear PCM audio ).

The first 16-bit PCM recording in the United States was made by Thomas Stockham at the Santa Fe Opera in 1976, on a Soundstream recorder.

Digital audio ( PCM ) was not supported, a key feature supported by later competition ( such as the Creative Labs Sound Blaster.

Although the PCM audio-fidelity was scarcely better than AM radio, it allowed game developers to include realistic sound-effects and speech that could not be reproduced by the Yamaha's FM synthesis, and proved very popular among game developers.

DAT was not the first digital audio tape ; pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) was used in Japan by Denon in 1972 for the mastering and production of analogue phonograph records, using a 2-inch Quadruplex-format videotape recorder for its transport, but this was not developed into a consumer product.

One of the most significant examples of a PCM adaptor-based system was the Sony PCM-1600 digital audio mastering system, introduced in 1978.

HDMI was later introduced, and it can carry uncompressed multichannel PCM, lossless compressed multichannel audio, and lossy compressed digital audio.

Again, the resultant quality is inferior compared to a similar sized MPEG, particularly as sound ( when included ) was often uncompressed PCM at a low sample rate or low-compression, low processor-demand ADPCM.

AES / EBU was designed primarily to support stereo PCM encoded audio in either DAT format at 48 kHz or CD format at 44. 1 kHz.

Although not widely adapted for stationary systems, the PCM format was widely used on planes, trains and buses throughout the late 80's and early 90's.

On a DTS disc, digital PCM audio was not available, so if a DTS decoder was also not available, the only option is to fall back to the analog Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks.

It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only ( VHS can have PCM audio in professional applications but is uncommon ), and the NTSC discs could store multiple audio tracks.

At the start of Perscombinatie, Het Parool was the leading paper, but due to declining subscribership, since the early eighties De Volkskrant took over the prime role within the company, although the owner of the paper Stichting Het Parool (' the Parool foundation ') remained the majority shareholder, with 57 percent of the shares of Perscombinatie ( later: PCM, after a merger with book publisher Meulenhoff ).

PCM was subsequently acquired by British based investment group Apax Partners, which lead to substantial debts and significant problems for the company.

In 2011, Het Parool was re-absorbed in PCM, which was renamed Persgroep Nederland.

Unfortunately this conversion was extremely slow but it was later discovered that the PASC files were simply MPEG-1 Audio Layer I files that used a hardly-used, hardly-documented padding feature from the MPEG standard to make all frames the same length, so it was easy to convert PASC to PCM and vice versa.

Denon continued development of their PCM recorders that used professional video machines as the storage medium, eventually building 8-track units used for, among other productions, a series of jazz records made in New York in the late 1970s.

Polymer cement mortars ( PCM ) are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar with polymers.

This made it impractical for game development use until 1989 with the release of the Atari STE which used DMA techniques to play back PCM samples at up to 50 kHz.

The MTOC is made up of a pair of centrioles at its center, and is surrounded by pericentriolar material ( PCM ) that is important for microtubule nucleation.

The D-50's capabilities could be modified through the addition 3rd-party products by Musitronics, most notably the M-EX which made the D-50 multitimbral ( the D-50 was bi-timbral ), as well as a chip that improved the D-50's response to incoming MIDI commands and a system for burning custom PCM cards with user samples for playback in the D-50.

This interface was made in different varieties and changed with power train control modules ( aka PCM, ECM, ECU ).

Technics also made a portable PCM adaptor as well, the SV-100, and a version with a built-in VHS videocassette transport, the SV-P100.

Digital recorders capable of multi-track recording ( as opposed to only two tracks for stereo that a PCM adaptor or DAT could record ) such as Mitsubishi's ProDigi format and Sony's DASH format also became available on the professional audio market about the same time as the introduction of PCM encoder / decoders made for use with video tape recorders.

The term PCM was originally applied to manufacturers who made replacements for IBM peripherals and later IBM mainframes.

End-to-end analog telephone networks were first modified in the early 1960s by upgrading transmission networks with T1 carrier systems, designed to support the basic 3 kHz voice channel by sampling the bandwidth-limited analog voice signal and encoding using PCM.

For example, a linearly encoded 16-bit PCM signal can be converted to an 8-bit WAV or AU file while maintaining a decent SNR by compressing before the transition to 8-bit and expanding after a conversion back to 16-bit.

In telecommunication, equivalent pulse code modulation noise ( PCM ) is the amount of thermal noise power on a frequency-division multiplexing ( FDM ) or wire channel necessary to approximate the same judgment of speech quality created by quantizing noise in a PCM channel.

In telephone networks, digital communication is utilized for transferring many phone calls over the same copper cable or fiber cable by means of Pulse code modulation ( PCM ), i. e. sampling and digitization, in combination with Time division multiplexing ( TDM ) ( 1962 ).

In the US early work employed similar systems, but were later replaced by pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) ( for example, in the Mars probe Mariner 4 ).

Later Soviet interplanetary probes used redundant radio systems, transmitting telemetry by PCM on a decimeter band and PPM on a centimeter band.

Other examples include dbx, Inc .' s Model 700 system, which, similar to modern Super Audio CDs, used a high sample-rate delta-sigma modulation rather than PCM ; Decca's 1970s PCM system, which used a videotape recorder manufactured by IVC for a transport ; and Mitsubishi's X-80 digital recorder, a 6. 4 mm ( ¼ in ) open reel digital mastering format that used a very unusual sampling rate of 50. 4 kHz.

Though FLAC cannot store floating-point data, and playback support in portable audio devices and dedicated audio systems is limited compared to lossy formats like MP3 or uncompressed PCM, FLAC is supported by more hardware devices than competing lossless compressed formats like WavPack.

Though FLAC playback support in portable audio devices and dedicated audio systems is limited compared to formats like MP3 or uncompressed PCM, FLAC is supported by more hardware devices than competing lossless compressed formats like WavPack.

Non-linear PCM encodings ( A-law / mu-law, ADPCM, NICAM ) attempt to improve their effective dynamic ranges by a variety of methods-logarithmic step sizes between the output signal strengths represented by each data bit ( trading greater quantisation distortion of loud signals for better performance of quiet signals )

Centrosomes are composed of two orthogonally arranged centrioles surrounded by an amorphous mass of protein termed the pericentriolar material ( PCM ).

Professional S-VHS decks did offer digital PCM audio, a feature not matched by ED-Beta decks.

The physical connection is typically RCA connectors or TOSLINK, which transmits a S / PDIF stream carrying either uncompressed digital audio ( PCM ) or the original compressed audio data ( Dolby Digital, DTS, MPEG audio ) to be decoded by the audio equipment.

Apple announced on September 1, 2010 that their newest version of the Apple TV would support Motion JPEG ( M-JPEG ) up to 35 Mbit / s, 1280 by 720 pixels, 30 frames per second, audio in ulaw, PCM stereo audio in. avi file format.

In the 1990s Het Parool became a lossmaking newspaper, mainly due to stiff competition and lack of investment by PCM.