The final report of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission, published on 28 August 2003, revealed that while the majority of the atrocities committed between 1980 and 1995 were the work of Shining Path, the Peruvian armed forces were also guilty of having destroyed villages and murdered countryside inhabitants whom they suspected of supporting insurgents.

* State of Fear, Skylight Pictures, a documentary about Peru's war on terror based on the findings of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

According to testimony of Shining Path militants interviewed by the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the twelfth Shining Path detachment in Lima, commanded by " Comrade Daniel " ( later identified as Carlos Mora La Madrid in the Commission's records ), was responsible for conducting the attack.

In 1987, Fujimori also became president of the National Commission of Peruvian University Rectors ( Asamblea Nacional de Rectores ), a position which he has held twice.

She was also the first Peruvian woman to serve on the Commission of Andean Jurists.

He was then appointed president of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon, which surveyed the upper Amazon River and its tributaries.

Shortly after Toledo's inauguration, his administration created the National Commission on Andean, Amazon and Afro Peruvian Communities ( CONAPA ) of Peru, of which Karp served as president.

It was established in 1983 by a group of professionals who had been providing information to Peruvian congressmen involved with the Congressional Human Rights Commission, such as Javier Diez Canseco.

In response, MRTA family members filed suit in 2003 at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ( CIDH ) accusing the Peruvian state of human rights violations, namely that the MRTA rebels had been denied " right to life, the right to judicial guarantees and the right to judicial protection ".

Produced by PromPerú, the official Peruvian Commission for the Promotion of Peru.

After the war, he served as first secretary in charge of the political section at the United States embassy in Moscow ; on the State Department's policy staff ; with the High Commission for Germany ; as director of political affairs at the German Embassy ; and finally, as counselor and chargé d ' affaires at the Peruvian Embassy, until his dismissal in 1954.

In Peru and Rio de la Plata many powerful figures proposed an American Monarchy such as those who wanted an independent Peruvian king of the still alive Inca Royal House, and those who requested a Prince of the Spanish house of Bourbon to come and rule directly in Lima, Mexico City or Bogota, as the Portuguese House of Orleans-Braganza had done in Rio de Janeiro.

Cavalry or mounted gendarmerie units continue to be maintained for purely or primarily ceremonial purposes by the United States, British, French, Italian, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Chilean, Portuguese, Moroccan, Nepalese, Nigerian, Venezuelan, Brazilian, Peruvian, Paraguayan, Polish, Argentine, Senegalese, Jordanian, Pakistani, Indian, Spanish and Bulgarian armed forces.

In 1914 there were still dragoon regiments in the British, French, German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Peruvian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Spanish armies.

Near Lima, Drake captured a Spanish ship laden with 25, 000 pesos of Peruvian gold, amounting in value to 37, 000 ducats of Spanish money ( about £ 7m by modern standards ).

Listed below are the 28 categories tabulated in the 2000 United States Census: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican Republic ; Central American: Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Other Central American ; South American: Argentinian, Bolivian, Chilean, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Other South American ; Other Hispanic or Latino: Spaniard, Spanish, Spanish American, All other Hispanic or Latino.

* 1866 – Peruvian defenders fight off Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao.

* Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about the relation with Paraguay ( in Spanish only )

* May 2 – Battle of Callao: Peruvian defenders fight the Spanish fleet.

* December 9, 1824 – Battle of Ayacucho: Peruvian forces defeat the Spanish.

* December 9 – Battle of Ayacucho: Peruvian forces defeat the Spanish.

In 1775, a second Spanish expedition under the Spanish Peruvian captain Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra was sent.

In his September 1792 dispatch log report for the British Admiralty, Captain Vancouver reveals that his decision here was rather meant to honour a request by the Spanish Peruvian seafarer Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra that Vancouver:

On July 26 and 27, 1822, Bolívar held the Guayaquil conference with the Argentinian General José de San Martín, who had received the title of Protector of Peruvian Freedom in August 1821 after having partially liberated Peru from the Spanish.

* Peruvian Paratroopers in 1941 War between Peru and Ecuador-translated from Spanish to English

Peruvian music is made up of indigenous, Spanish and West African influences.

Gauguin soon learned French, though his first and preferred language remained Peruvian Spanish, and he excelled in his studies.

If in later years Picasso played down his debt to Gauguin, there is no doubt that between 1905 and 1907 he felt a very close kinship with this other Paul, who prided himself on Spanish genes inherited from his Peruvian grandmother.

Anise is used to flavor Middle Eastern arak, Colombian aguardiente, French spirits absinthe, anisette and pastis, Greek ouzo, Bulgarian mastika, German Jägermeister, Italian sambuca, Dutch Brokmöpke, Portuguese, Peruvian and Spanish anís, Mexican Xtabentún and Turkish rakı.

Peruvian chef Gastón Acurio further explains that the dominant position that Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular plates such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region, and that in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

Peruvian chef Gastón Acurio further explains that the dominant position that Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular plates such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region, and that in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance-Peruvian Aprista Party ( Spanish: Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana-Partido Aprista Peruano ) () is a centre-left Peruvian political party.

Known as Peruvian Coastal Spanish, Lima's Spanish is characterized by the lack of strong innotations as found in many other regions of the Spanish-speaking world.

* 1824 – Patriot forces led by General Antonio José de Sucre defeat a Royalist army in the Battle of Ayacucho, putting an end to the Peruvian War of Independence.

* 1579 – Martin de Porres, Peruvian saint ( d. 1639 )

* 1895 – Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Peruvian politician ( d. 1979 )

* 1925 – Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian artist

* 1920 – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian United Nations Secretary General

A Friedman Prize was given to the late British economist Peter Bauer during 2002, Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto during 2004, Mart Laar, former Estonian Prime Minister during 2006 and a young Venezuelan student Yon Goicoechea during 2008.

After passing the Pongo de Huaracayo ( or Guaracayo ), the cerros, or hills, gradually disappear, and for a distance of about the river is full of islands, and there is nothing visible from its low banks but an immense forest-covered plain known as the selva baja (" low jungle ") or Peruvian Amazonia, home to indigenous peoples such as the Urarina of the Chambira Basin, the Candoshi, and the Cocama-Cocamilla peoples.

The Marañón river serves also as a frame for one of the most important novels of the Peruvian writer Ciro Alegría: La serpiente de oro ( 1935 ).

* 1821 – The government of general José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy.

Peruvian Infantry in the Cruz de Hueso Exercise-2007

Peruvian Navy ( Marina de Guerra del Perú ) is organized in five naval zones headquartered in Piura, Lima, Arequipa, Iquitos and Pucallpa.

On May 20, 1929, the aviation divisions of the Peruvian army and navy were merged into the Peruvian Aviation Corps ( CAP, Cuerpo de Aviación del Peru ).

Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1949, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991.

* January 19 – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian Secretary-General of the United Nations

** Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Peruvian politician, founder of the APRA Party ( b. 1895 )

* January 23 – Francisco Maldonado de Silva, Peruvian Jewish poet ( b. 1592 )

* December 9 – Martin de Porres, Peruvian monk and saint ( d. 1639 )

The courtyard of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, with California's oldest pepper tree ( Peruvian pepper | Schinus molle ), planted in 1830, visible through the arch.

* Peruvian cuisine uses sauces based mostly in different varieties of ají combined with several ingredients most notably salsa huancaína based on fresh cheese and salsa de ocopa based on peanuts or nuts.