The expense of this type of organization in religious life, when one recalls the number of city churches which deteriorated beyond repair before being abandoned, raises fundamental questions about the principle of Protestant survival in a mobile society ; ;

In 1529 the city became Protestant under Oecolampadius and the bishop's seat was moved to Porrentury.

Determined to make Dublin a Protestant city, Queen Elizabeth I of England established Trinity College in 1592 as a solely Protestant university and ordered that the Catholic St. Patrick's and Christ Church cathedrals be converted to Protestant.

As her triumphal progress wound through the city on the eve of the coronation ceremony, she was welcomed wholeheartedly by the citizens and greeted by orations and pageants, most with a strong Protestant flavour.

In the first half of the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation reached the city, causing religious strife during which Savoy rule was thrown off and Geneva flirted with joining the Swiss Federation.

In 1529, the city embraced Lutheranism, and Hamburg subsequently received Protestant refugees from the Netherlands and France and, in the 17th century, Sephardi Jews from Portugal.

On his way home from the university he passed through Saumur, and, having visited the pastor of the Protestant church there, was introduced by him to Philippe de Mornay, governor of the city.

The city is also well known for the 1631 Sack of Magdeburg, which hardened Protestant resistance during the Thirty Years ' War.

The Protestant Reformation had quickly found adherents in the city, where Luther had been a schoolboy.

In 1557, during the Protestant Reformation, the city adopted Protestantism, while most Polish cities remained Roman Catholic.

With the start of the Protestant Reformation the German influence became even stronger as the city was converted to Lutheranism.

From 1867 to 1890 the fledgling church, known as the Free Protestant Church, rented premises in a commercial building in Cape Town, and in 1890 a warehouse in the city was purchased and converted into the present church.

The Protestant Reformation reached Breslau in 1518 and the city became Protestant.

During the Counter-Reformation, the intellectual life of the city – shaped by Protestantism and Humanism — flourished, even as the Protestant bourgeoisie lost its role to the Catholic orders as the patron of the arts.

These immigrants settled in their own neighborhoods, German immigrants congregating mainly on the North Side, across the Chicago River from City Hall and the older, Protestant part of the city.

An army of the Catholic League laid siege to the Protestant city of Mėnerbes in the Vaucluse between 1573 and 1578.

The city adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1542 and its Town Council remained entirely Lutheran.

So there was the unique situation that the town of Regensburg comprised five independent " states " ( in terms of the Holy Roman Empire ): the Protestant city itself, the Roman Catholic bishopric, and the three monasteries ( mentioned previously ).

It was regarded as a Protestant custom by the Roman Catholic majority along the lower Rhine, and was spread there only by Prussian officials who were moved there in the wake of the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

The Puritan English government officials also expressed the opinion that they were saving the souls of the Catholic Irish by settling them in Protestant territories where they would inevitably be converted to the ' true faith '.

Later Protestant pamphleteers asserted that they survived due to falling onto a dung heap, a story unknown to contemporaries and probably coined in response to the Imperial officials attributing their survival to the intercession of the Virgin Mary.

Protestant beliefs of original sin, the importance of biblical reading and meditation, the acceptableness of church officials marrying, the cleansing of sin only through Christ ’ s sacrifice, and the discrediting of the Catholic belief that during holy communion the sacramental bread actually becomes Jesus ’ physical body, were all major points the Virtues expounded upon in post-Reformation morality plays.

High officials in Madrid, Paris and Rome sought to kill Elizabeth, a Protestant, and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots, a Catholic.

On account of Catherine's Protestant sympathies, she provoked the enmity of powerful Catholic officials who sought to turn the King against her ; a warrant for her arrest was drawn up in 1546 ; however, she and the King were soon reconciled.

* Religion: The Act allowed public office holders to practice the Roman Catholic faith, by replacing the oath sworn by officials from one to Elizabeth I and her heirs with one to George III that had no reference to the Protestant faith.

Progressive Chinese officials, with support from Protestant missionaries, persuaded Emperor Guangxu to institute reforms, which alienated many conservative officials by their sweeping nature.

Opponents of the reforms blamed them for revealing Protestant tendencies, with the rise of Enlightenment rationalism and the emergence of a liberal class of bourgeois officials.

Some Protestant groups — especially evangelical groups — have been criticized by church officials and nationalist politicians as subversive.

These suspicions were further aroused when imperial officials ordered Protestants to stop erecting Protestant churches on the land of the prince of the church or Stifts, which the Protestants claimed to be comprised under the term " royal land " ( the Stifts did not belong to the Bohemian Estates ) which was open to them due to the Letter of Majesty – a very disputed legal interpretation of which the government disapproved.

On and off, sectarian tensions between fundamentalist Protestants and Buddhists occasionally rise due to what has been seen as a tendency of government officials – many of whom are Christians, especially of Protestant denominations – to tilt the political balance in favour of Christians over Buddhists which has occasionally led to discontent within the Buddhist community.

He won the election of 1859 but his government was engulfed by crisis in 1861 when it tried to lower the salary of ( mostly Protestant ) government officials, including judges who sued the government.

In addition, at least with the Protestant churches there is no central church hierarchy, a fact that is commonly cited as a reason why house churches are seen as less threatening and subject to less overt opposition by the Communist officials.

He compiled a detailed report on violations of religious freedom and invited Professor Reynaldo Pohl, the United Nations Special Representative to Iran, to visit the country and meet Protestant ministers and government officials to discuss these violations.

There was a further division along the religious lines: almost all of the higher German Silesian officials were Protestant while the vast majority of Polish Silesians were Catholic.

Hitler's government negotiated other agreements with them which in essence put Nazi officials, most of whom were Catholics, into positions of influence or outright authority over Protestant Churches.

local government officials were hostile but by 1917, the " American Mission " was the largest Protestant group in Egypt, and had spent over £ E800, 000 on its missionary efforts.

Since the 1980s, American officials visiting China have on multiple occasions visited Chinese churches, including President George W. Bush, who attended one of Beijing's five officially-recognized Protestant churches during a November 2005 Asia tour, and the Kuanjie Protestant Church in 2008.

The higher officials of the Order, now headquartered on the Mediterranean island of Malta after the successive losses of Jerusalem, Acre, and Rhodes to Moslem Arabs and Turks, evinced a desire to maintain a relationship with the Protestant knights despite the theological and ecclesiological differences between the two groups.

They further demanded that the Sejm was to be appoint state officials instead of the king ; that local officials should be elected and not appointed and that Protestant rights should be expanded and protected.

Finally, in 1549, Cornishmen rose once again in rebellion when the staunchly Protestant Edward VI tried to impose a new Prayer Book.

He maintained Catholicism's status as the official state religion but tried to curb the church's political powers and to encourage religious tolerance as a means of attracting Protestant immigrants and traders.

Protestant missionaries campaigning against it tried to gain support from humanitarian and women's rights groups in London, where the issue was raised in the House of Commons, and in Kenya itself a person's stance toward FGM became a test of loyalty, either to the Christian churches or to the Kikuyu Central Association.

During the Thirty Years ' War, George William tried to remain neutral between the Roman Catholic forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities.

During the period of German Empire the Germanisation policies in Masuria became more effective ; children using Polish in playgrounds and classrooms were widely punished by corporal punishment, authorities tried to appoint Protestant pastors who would use German instead of Polish which resulted in protests of local population.

Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians, and the resulting reaction among some of Poland's Roman Catholics, as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth's domestic affairs, led to the War of the Confederation of Bar from 1768 – 1772, where the Poles tried to expel Russian forces from Commonwealth territory.

The Lord Count von Thurn turned to both Martiniz and Slavata and said " you are enemies of us and of our religion, have desired to deprive us of our Letter of Majesty, have horribly plagued your Protestant subjects ... and have tried to force them to adopt your religion against their wills or have had them expelled for this reason ".

After Protestant troops unsuccessfully tried to capture and take control of King Charles IX in the Surprise of Meaux, a number of cities, such as La Rochelle, declared themselves for the Huguenot cause.

Under the Protestant persecutions of Queen Mary, Joan Waste was tried for heresy at the cathedral in 1556.

Tilly and his Imperial cavalrymen advanced with 2, 000 Bavarian hussars, steadily pushing Protestant forces back to the Star Palace ( just west of Prague ), where the rebels tried without success to establish a line of defense.

On 23 May 1618, an assembly of Protestant noblemen, led by Count Jindrich Matyas Thurn, stormed Prague Castle, and tried two Imperial governors, Vilem Slavata of Chlum and Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice with violating the Letter of Majesty, found them guilty, and threw them, together with their scribe Philip Fabricius, out of the windows of the Bohemian Chancellery.

Protestant missionaries also tried to detour the Frankists to Protestantism, and a handful did in fact join the Moravian church.

On his arrival in Sweden he initially tried to gain time by confirming what had been done ; but the aggressiveness of the Protestant faction and the persistence of Duke Charles made civil war inevitable.

Publicly a Prohibitionist and a defender of " Protestant womanhood ," Stephenson was tried in 1925 for the rape and murder of Madge Oberholtzer, a young state employee.

The Constitutional Act also tried to create an established church by creating clergy reserves, that is, grants of land reserved for the support of the Protestant clergy.

His mother, a member of a pacifist Protestant denomination, tried to persuade York to change his ways without success.

She tried to launch liberal reforms using a Protestant prime minister, which outraged the Catholic conservatives of Bavaria.

The Emperor Charles V tried to bring the religious troubles of Germany to a " speedy and peaceful termination " by conferences between the Catholic and the Protestant divines.

On one occasion, the Comber Platoon was petrol-bombed by a hostile Protestant crowd at Inglis's bakery as it tried to protect Catholics who were going to work.

After the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church tried to deal with the surfacing of Protestant Latin schools that involved itself with orienting church authorities and pastors.

He was discovered by the Protestant minister Andrew Knox and thereafter either tried to escape or deliberately drowned himself in the sea off Ailsa Craig.