During the Counter-Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church searched for religious art with which to counter the threat of Protestantism, and for this task the artificial conventions of Mannerism, which had ruled art for almost a century, no longer seemed adequate.

During the Counter-Reformation, Irish religious and political links with Europe became stronger.

During the Counter-Reformation in the late 16th and 17th centuries, led by the bishop of Ljubljana Tomaž Hren and Seckau Martin Brenner, almost all Protestants were expelled from the Slovene Lands ( with the exception of Prekmurje ).

During his reign, and in the spirit of the Counter-Reformation, new Catholic religious orders and societies, such as the Jesuits, the Theatines, the Barnabites and the Congregation of the Oratory, attracted a popular following.

During the Counter-Reformation there was a " fig-leaf campaign " aiming to cover all representations of human genitals in paintings and sculptures, started with Michelangelo's works.

During the Counter-Reformation the passage was used by Catholics against Protestants in order to justify the doctrine of purgatory.

During the Counter-Reformation and encouraged by the Polish government, the town's main church was reclaimed by Catholics in 1609.

During the 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries, the town expanded economically, spatially, and demographically, in spite of local conflicts and the turbulent Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation.

During Cardinal Borromeo's sojourns in Rome, 1585 – 95 and 1597 – 1601, he envisioned developing this library in Milan as one open to scholars and that would serve as a bulwark of Catholic scholarship in the service of the Counter-Reformation against the treatises issuing from Protestant presses.

During the Counter-Reformation a monastery of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and an Ursuline convent were established, which remained until 1793.

During the Counter-Reformation, there was to some degree a reaction against the secularization of the art of music in Italy, Spain and the southern ( Catholic ) portion of Germany.

During the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Council of Trent commissioned the Roman Catechism ( or Catechism of the Council of Trent, published 1566 ) to expound doctrine and to improve the theological understanding of the clergy.

During this period the Muslim world became an intellectual centre for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the " House of Wisdom " ( Arabic: بيت الحكمة ) in Baghdad.

During the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe.

During the 1970s and 1980s, second-wave feminists saw the study of history as a male-dominated intellectual enterprise and presented " herstory " as a means of compensation.

During his period as Chancellor, he made Carl Schmitt his regular intellectual companion ( also a 1933 NSDAP late joiner, Francisco Franco apologist, and hyperactive anti-Jewish Nazi intellectual until falling out of Nazi grace in 1936 ).

During this time, women were largely illiterate and not encouraged to engage in intellectual pursuit, so men were responsible for shaping ideas about sexuality.

During the era of the Weimar Republic, Germany became a center of intellectual thought at its universities, and most notably social and political theory ( especially Marxism ) was combined with Freudian psychoanalysis to form the highly influential discipline of Critical Theory — with its development at the Institute for Social Research ( also known as the Frankfurt School ) founded at the University of Frankfurt am Main.

During his administration ( 1870 – 1882 ), the College achieved higher academic standing and established an ideal model for intellectual honesty and sound scholarship that gained national recognition.

During this period the Muslim world became an intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad ; where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic.

During the 1952 campaign Stewart Alsop, a powerful Connecticut Republican, labeled Stevenson an " egghead ", based on his baldness and intellectual air.

During the middle of the 1830s the Gazette was considered an intellectual journal, strongly supporting the progressive arts and Romanticism in general, and opposing anything which it considers as debasing this.

During 1978, relations between Kuepper and Bailey had deteriorated, with Bailey preferring rock and pop songs and Kuepper pursuing less commercial and more intellectual material.

During this time the intellectual ideas of Social Darwinism propelled the development of an American overseas expansion in the Pacific and Caribbean.

During this time that notable intellectual contributions were made by both colleges to the Scottish Enlightenment.

During their relatively short tenure, the Ayyubids ushered in an era of economic prosperity in the lands they ruled and the facilities and patronage provided by the Ayyubids led to a resurgence in intellectual activity in the Islamic world.

During eight centuries of Christian history most major intellectual, cultural, and social developments in the Christian church took place within the Empire or in the sphere of its influence, thus most parts of the liturgy, traditions, and practices of the church of Constantinople were adopted by all, and still provide the basic patterns of contemporary Orthodoxy.

During the later years of his life, he repeatedly wrote against the intellectual attraction to fascism, and notably against Heidegger's post-war silence over the Holocaust.

During its period of fastest growth, EA was often criticized for buying smaller development studios primarily for their intellectual property assets, and then producing drastically changed games of their franchises.

During their relatively short-lived tenure, the Ayyubids ushered in an era of economic prosperity in the lands they ruled and the facilities and patronage provided by the Ayyubids led to a resurgence in intellectual activity in the Islamic world.

During the Nazi era, the German government deprived many left-wing and intellectual opponents of citizenship through expatriation, such as Albert Einstein, Oskar Maria Graf, Willy Brandt and Thomas Mann, often expatriating entire families.

During the war, President Roy L. Shaffer pledged to keep the College " rolling " as part of the " moral and intellectual defense " of the nation.

During the Council, Meyer showed himself to be of liberal tendencies and was viewed as the chief intellectual among the participating American hierarchy.

During his time in office, Cherniack was respected for his intellectual rigour and integrity, and was known as one of the most dignified members of the Manitoba Assembly.

During this period, he perceived the East Coast Jewish origins of the majority of the movement there ( Culture of Critique, p. 104 ), which motivated his interest in Jewish intellectual movements.

During these years the youthful conductor had contributed greatly to the high level of musical life in Germany.

During all his busy life he had only done things which had to be done.

During his life Nobel issued 350 patents internationally and by his death had established 90 armaments factories, despite his belief in pacifism.

During the last twenty years of his life Alexios lost much of his popularity.

During the Atari 7800 ’ s life cycle, Atari found themselves struggling to get developers to create 7800 versions of then-popular arcade titles because of a controversial policy employed by Nintendo.

During World War II and for many years afterward, Capp worked tirelessly going to hospitals to entertain patients, especially to cheer recent amputees and explain to them that the loss of a limb did not mean an end to a happy and productive life.

During his youth, he did not escape trying temptations and around this time he thought of retiring from the world and living a life of solitude and prayer.

During this time period, Marker began to travel around the world as a journalist and photographer, a vocation he would continue the rest of his life.

During his time as an honors program undergraduate, Sagan worked in the laboratory of the geneticist H. J. Muller and wrote a thesis on the origins of life with physical chemist H. C. Urey.

During her long productive life as an artist, she maintained her personal aesthetic and high standards against all distractions and countervailing forces.

During his long professional career, Alston significantly enriched the cultural life of Harlem.

When one society finds itself forced to relinquish power entirely to another society that in itself is a form of underdevelopment .... During the centuries of pre-colonial trade, some control over social political and economic life was retained in Africa, in spite of the disadvantageous commerce with Europeans.

During the first millennium BCE in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life.

During the second year of the plant's life, a long, leafy stem from 50 to 255 centimeters tall grows atop the roots of healthy plants.

During the height of the reign of terror, David was an ardent supporter of radicals such as Robespierre and Marat, and twice offered up his life in their defense.

During that period, some aspects of life remained unchanged.

During their working life, electrical engineers may find themselves supervising a wide range of individuals including scientists, electricians, computer programmers and other engineers.

During breakfast at dawn, Granger ( leader of the group of wandering intellectuals ) discusses the legendary phoenix and its endless cycle of long life, death in flames, and rebirth, adding that the phoenix must have some relation to mankind, which constantly repeats its mistakes, but that man has something the phoenix doesn't.

During the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 54 ), the Foreign Legion saw its numbers swell due to the incorporation of Second World War veterans who couldn't adapt to civilian life.

During that time his sister's family visited, and Orwell led a disastrous boating expedition which nearly led to loss of life whilst trying to cross the notorious gulf of Corryvreckan and gave him a soaking which was not good for his health.

During his early life, he relocated between Savoy and Paris and the tensions between provincial and city life influenced his writings.

During the course of his life, Heracles married four times.

During his life Henri, comte de Chambord, as the grandson of Charles X, had refused to abandon the fleur-de-lys and the white flag.

During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically.