* 30 BC – Cleopatra VII Philopator, the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, commits suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.

He married Cleopatra Thea, a daughter of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Category: Ptolemaic dynasty

An independent Athens was a minor power in the Hellenistic age ; it rarely had much in the way of foreign policy ; it generally remained at peace, allied either with the Ptolemaic dynasty, or later, with Rome ; when it went to war, the result ( as in the Lamian, Chremonidean, and Mithridatic War ) was usually disastrous.

It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty.

It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC.

Other than collecting works from the past, the library was also home to a host of international scholars, well-patronized by the Ptolemaic dynasty with travel, lodging and stipends for their whole families.

This story may also be construed erroneously to show the power of Alexandria over Athens during the Ptolemaic dynasty.

It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC.

Category: Ptolemaic dynasty

Although Abu Ma ' shar al-Balkhi | Abu Ma ' shar believed Ptolemy to be one of the Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemies who ruled Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great | Alexander the title ‘ King Ptolemy ’ is generally viewed as a mark of respect for Ptolemy's elevated standing in science.

The Ptolemaic dynasty, (, sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagides,, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus ) was a Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

Letronne, in 1841, attempted to show that the Greek version ( that of the Egyptian government under its Ptolemaic dynasty ) was the original.

* The Ptolemaic dynasty rules Egypt

The Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty collected books from all over the known world at the Library of Alexandria.

It is also known from Livy that the mines and the forests were leased for a fixed sum under Philip V, and it appears that the same happened under the Argaead dynasty: from here possibly comes the leasing system that was used in Ptolemaic Egypt.

* Ptolemaic dynasty

Carnelian engraved gem | intaglio with a Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemaic queen, Hellenistic artwork, Cabinet des Médailles

The first use of human cadavers for anatomical research occurred later in the 4th century BCE when Herophilos and Erasistratus gained permission to perform live dissections, or vivisection, on criminals in Alexandria under the auspices of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

* 182 BC – Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt ( d. 116 BC )

* 181 BC – Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Ptolemaic dynasty ruler of Egypt who has reigned from 204 BC

It is often stated that Copernican astronomy is ' simpler ' than Ptolemaic.

Thus, in no ordinary sense of ' simplicity ' is the Ptolemaic theory simpler than the Copernican.

Despite their embrace of the principle of rectilinear inertia and the recognition of the kinematical relativity of apparent motion ( which underlies whether the Ptolemaic or the Copernican system is correct ), natural philosophers of the seventeenth century continued to consider true motion and rest as physically separate descriptors of an individual body.

In fact, although the Copernican heliocentric model is often described as " demoting " Earth from its central role it had in the Ptolemaic geocentric model, neither Copernicus nor other 15th-and 16th-century scientists and philosophers viewed it as such.

There is no doubt that Copernicus ' " De Revolutionibus " seeks to advance a sun-centered system, but in this book he had to resort to Ptolemaic devices ( viz., epicycles and eccentric circles ) in order to explain the change in planets ' orbital speed.

The slaughter of the lambs on the 14th is mentioned in The Book of Jubilees, a Jewish work of the Ptolemaic period, and by the Herodian-era writers Josephus and Philo.

In February 2007, Ptolemaic Productions acquired the rights to The Singularity is Near, The Age of Spiritual Machines and Fantastic Voyage including the rights to Kurzweil's life and ideas for the film Transcendent Man.

The inscription in demotic conflicts with this, listing consecutive days in March for the decree and the anniversary ; although it is uncertain why such discrepancies exist, it is clear that the decree was issued in 196 BC and that it was designed to re-establish the rule of the Ptolemaic kings over Egypt.

Later Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka the Great, is also recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court.

The germ of the idea is to be found in ancient writers who used sundials and Ptolemaic epicycles to illustrate the divine order of the world.

* The Battle of Panium is fought between Seleucid forces led by Antiochus III and Ptolemaic forces led by Scopas of Aetolia.

This stone is a Ptolemaic era stele written with the same text in two Egyptian language scripts ( hieroglyphic and demotic ) and in classical Greek.

When the Seleucid ruler captures the important eastern Mediterranean sea ports of Seleucia-in-Pieria, Tyre, and Ptolemais, Ptolemy IV's advisor, Sosibius, and the Ptolemaic court enter into delaying negotiations with the enemy, while the Ptolemaic army is reorganized and intensively drilled.

The identity of Cleopatra's mother is unknown, but she is generally believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin and wife of Ptolemy XII, or possibly another Ptolemaic family member who was the daughter of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator if Cleopatra V was not the daughter of Ptolemy X and Berenice III.

In late Greek mythology as developed in Ptolemaic Alexandria, Harpocrates () is the god of silence.

In astronomy, the geocentric model ( also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system ), is the theory that the Earth is the orbital center for all celestial bodies.

In 205 / 204 BC the infant Ptolemy V Epiphanes succeeded to the Egyptian throne, and Antiochus is said ( notably by Polybios ) to have concluded a secret pact with Philip V of Macedon for the partition of the Ptolemaic possessions.

The Ptolemaic temple of Edfu is dedicated to Horus the Elder and there he is called the son of Nut and Geb, brother of Osiris, and the eldest son of Geb.

It was ruled by a governor from Egypt and sometimes formed a minor Ptolemaic kingdom during the power-struggles of the 2nd and 1st centuries.

The traditional major aspects are sometimes called Ptolemaic aspects since they were defined and used by Ptolemy in the 1st Century, AD.

To Riccioli the question was not between the geocentric world system of Ptolemy and the heliocentric world system of Copernicus, for the telescope had unseated the Ptolemaic system ; it was between the geo-heliocentric world system developed by Tycho Brahe in the 1570s ( in which the sun, moon, and stars circle an immobile Earth, while the planets circle the sun – sometimes called a " geo-heliocentric " or " hybrid " system ) and that of Copernicus.

The legendary Alexander material originated as early as the time of the Ptolemaic dynasty ( 305 BC to 30 BC ) and its unknown authors are sometimes referred to as the Pseudo-Callisthenes ( not to be confused with Callisthenes of Olynthus, who was Alexander's official historian ).

It was ruled by a governor from Egypt and sometimes formed a minor Ptolemaic kingdom during the power-struggles of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC.