* 30 BC – Cleopatra VII Philopator, the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, commits suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.

He married Cleopatra Thea, a daughter of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Category: Ptolemaic dynasty

An independent Athens was a minor power in the Hellenistic age ; it rarely had much in the way of foreign policy ; it generally remained at peace, allied either with the Ptolemaic dynasty, or later, with Rome ; when it went to war, the result ( as in the Lamian, Chremonidean, and Mithridatic War ) was usually disastrous.

It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty.

It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC.

Other than collecting works from the past, the library was also home to a host of international scholars, well-patronized by the Ptolemaic dynasty with travel, lodging and stipends for their whole families.

This story may also be construed erroneously to show the power of Alexandria over Athens during the Ptolemaic dynasty.

It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC.

Category: Ptolemaic dynasty

Although Abu Ma ' shar al-Balkhi | Abu Ma ' shar believed Ptolemy to be one of the Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemies who ruled Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great | Alexander the title ‘ King Ptolemy ’ is generally viewed as a mark of respect for Ptolemy's elevated standing in science.

The Ptolemaic dynasty, (, sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagides,, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus ) was a Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

Letronne, in 1841, attempted to show that the Greek version ( that of the Egyptian government under its Ptolemaic dynasty ) was the original.

The Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty collected books from all over the known world at the Library of Alexandria.

It is also known from Livy that the mines and the forests were leased for a fixed sum under Philip V, and it appears that the same happened under the Argaead dynasty: from here possibly comes the leasing system that was used in Ptolemaic Egypt.

* Ptolemaic dynasty

Carnelian engraved gem | intaglio with a Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemaic queen, Hellenistic artwork, Cabinet des Médailles

The first use of human cadavers for anatomical research occurred later in the 4th century BCE when Herophilos and Erasistratus gained permission to perform live dissections, or vivisection, on criminals in Alexandria under the auspices of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

* 182 BC – Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt ( d. 116 BC )

* 181 BC – Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Ptolemaic dynasty ruler of Egypt who has reigned from 204 BC

Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony's fleet was supported by the ships of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt.

* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204 – 176 BC ), princess of the Seleucid Empire and by marriage, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra II of Egypt ( c. 185 – 116 BC ), queen ( and briefly sole ruler ) of Ptolemaic Egypt

* Cleopatra V of Egypt, Egyptian Ptolemaic queen

* Cleopatra VI of Egypt, Egyptian Ptolemaic queen

Greek organizations in Ptolemaic Egypt were called koinon.

** Ptolemaic Egypt: 332 to 30 BC

Judah became the frontier between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt, eventually becoming part of the Seleucid Empire.

Hellenistic Judaism spread to Ptolemaic Egypt from the 3rd century BCE.

The collection, among the world's largest, overviews Egyptian life spanning Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, Coptic art, and the Roman, Ptolemaic, and Byzantine periods.

Her apparent suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.

The inscription in demotic conflicts with this, listing consecutive days in March for the decree and the anniversary ; although it is uncertain why such discrepancies exist, it is clear that the decree was issued in 196 BC and that it was designed to re-establish the rule of the Ptolemaic kings over Egypt.

Political forces beyond the borders of Egypt exacerbated the internal problems of the Ptolemaic kingdom.

Ancient Greek was widely known to scholars, but the details of its use in the Hellenistic period as a government language in Ptolemaic Egypt were not familiar: large scale discoveries of Greek papyri were a long way in the future.

During the Hellenistic period, the island was a major naval base for the Ptolemaic Egypt.

Their attempts to defeat their old enemy Ptolemaic Egypt was frustrated by Roman demands.

Later Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka the Great, is also recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court.

Antiochus and Philip V of Macedon then made a pact to divide the Ptolemaic possessions outside of Egypt, and in the Fifth Syrian War, the Seleucids ousted Ptolemy V from control of Coele-Syria.

He attempted to restore Seleucid power and prestige with a successful war against the old enemy, Ptolemaic Egypt, which met with initial success as the Seleucids defeated and drove the Egyptian army back to Alexandria itself.

One currently-active game, BlogNomic, gets around this problem by dividing the game into " dynasties "; every time someone wins, a new dynasty begins, and all the rules except a privileged few are repealed.

For thousands of years, emperors and rules ranging from the Western Zhou dynasty ( c. 1000 B. C.

* In the Muslim kingdom of Zaragoza, the ruling Banu Tujibi clan is deposed by Suleiman Al-Mustain I ibn Hud who starts the Huddid dynasty which rules over the region for a century ( possibly 1039 ).

The Samanid dynasty now rules over Khorasan as well as Transoxiana.

Every dynasty had its set of rules regarding the numerical composition of the harem.

* The Andhra dynasty replaces the Kanva dynasty, and rules over the eastern part of India.

During the Almohad dynasty, the Caliph was also counciled by a body of Shaykhs, representing all the different tribes under their rules, including Berbers, Arabs, Bedouins and Andalusians, they were also responsible for mobilizing their kinsmen in the event of war.

Philip V was the first member of the House of Bourbon ( Spanish: Borbón ) to rule Spain, the dynasty that still rules today under Juan Carlos I.

Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when, at the death of the Tongzhi Emperor, contrary to the rules of succession, she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor in 1875.

The rules of succession of the dynasty of Alpin of kings of Scotland, a dynasty legendarily of mixed Pictish and Gaelic origin and their successors, abided by tanistry rules until at least 1034, used them in certain successions in 1090s, and were argued in succession litigation as late as in 1290s.

The English adjective " Safavid " and the name " Safavids " for the dynasty, and the corresponding forms in many European languages, are therefore based on a redundant application of adjective-forming rules.

If a monarch rules more than one realm, he or she may carry different ordinals in each one, as they are each assigned chronologically, but some realms may have had different numbers of rulers of the same regnal name previously, usually from a different dynasty.

The first king of this new dynasty was Malcolm III of Scotland who determined that succession would be to the eldest son, not according to the rules of tanistry.

Result of this institution was relative indivisibility of the Czech lands, but also alternation of rules of stronger ( or perhaps more political ) dukes with periods of bitter fraction wars of members of the dynasty.

According to Lenin, the author of these quotations, soviet rule “ is nothing else than the organized form of the dictatorship of the proletariat .” A code of rules governing elections to the soviets was framed, but the following classes were disqualified to vote: “ Those who employ others for profit ; those who live on incomes not derived from their own work — interest on capital, industrial enterprises or landed property ; private business men, agents, middlemen ; monks and priests of all denominations ; ex-employees of the old police services and members of the Romanov dynasty ; lunatics and criminals .”

Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa bin Nahayan () was the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi ( 1761 – 1793 ) and the founder of the Al Abu Falah dynasty, which still rules Abu Dhabi today.

For thousands of years, emperors and rules ranging from the Western Zhou dynasty ( c. 1000 B. C.

House law or House laws ( Hausgesetze ) are rules that govern a royal family or dynasty in matters of eligibility for succession to a throne, membership in a dynasty, exercise of a regency, or entitlement to dynastic rank, titles and styles.

Traditional Chinese law refers to the laws, regulations and rules used in China up to 1911, when the last imperial dynasty fell.