Other payloads on STS-93 included the Midcourse Space Experiment ( MSX ), the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust ( SIMPLEX ), the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System ( SWUIS ), the Gelation of Sols: Applied Microgravity Research ( GOSAMR ) experiment, the Space Tissue Loss – B ( STL-B ) experiment, a Light Weight Flexible Solar Array Hinge ( LFSAH ), the Cell Culture Module ( CCM ), the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment – II ( SAREX – II ), EarthKAM, Plant Growth Investigations in Microgravity ( PGIM ), the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus ( CGBA ), the Micro-Electrical Mechanical System ( MEMS ), and the Biological Research in Canisters ( BRIC ).

Pulsed electric field ( PEF ) processing is a method for processing cells by means of brief pulses of a strong electric field.

Pulsed pumping is also required for three-level lasers in which the lower energy level rapidly becomes highly populated preventing further lasing until those atoms relax to the ground state.

Pulsed Nd: YAG lasers are typically operated in the so called Q-switching mode: An optical switch is inserted in the laser cavity waiting for a maximum population inversion in the neodymium ions before it opens.

Pulsed plasma propulsion using air as the working fluid is the simplest form of air-breathing laser propulsion.

Pulsed laser deposition ( PLD ) is a thin film deposition ( specifically a physical vapor deposition, PVD ) technique where a high power pulsed laser beam is focused inside a vacuum chamber to strike a target of the material that is to be deposited.

Pulsed laser deposition is only one of many thin film deposition techniques.

Pulsed irrigation is sometimes used to decrease the amount of water delivered to the plant at any one time, thus reducing runoff or deep percolation.

Pulsed laser irradiation is commonly used against diatoms.

Pulsed power is the science and technology of accumulating energy over a relatively long period of time and releasing it very quickly, thus increasing the instantaneous power.

A variation of this type of application is to use laser ablation to create coatings by ablating the coating material from a source and letting it deposit on the surface to be coated ; this is a special type of physical vapor deposition called Pulsed Laser Deposition ( PLD ), and can create coatings from materials that cannot readily be evaporated any other way.

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of large deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) molecules by applying an electric field that periodically changes direction to a gel matrix.

Pulsed plasma thrusters were the first electric thrusters to be deployed in space, used for attitude control on the Soviet probes Zond 2, from parking at Earth orbit to Mars on November 30, 1964, and Zond 3 in 1965.

Pulsed plasma thrusters were flown in November, 2000 as a flight experiment on the Earth Observing-1 spacecraft.

# Pulsed Time Structure: pulsed length down to tens of picoseconds allows the resolution of process on the same time scale.

* Clinical Research and Studies on Laser and Pulsed Light treatments

It has been shown that Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound does have a localized effect on growth in human beings.

Some examples of thrusters that might be suitable for this are VASIMR, DS4G and Pulsed inductive thruster.

Pulsed microwave radiation can be heard by some workers ; the irradiated personnel perceive auditory sensations of clicking or buzzing.

* Pulsed dye laser treatment can be beneficial for keloids, and appears to induce keloid regression through suppression of keloid fibroblast proliferation, and induction of apoptosis and enzyme activity.

* Pulsed radiofrequency, neuromodulation, direct introduction of medication and nerve ablation may be used to target either the tissue structures and organ / systems responsible for persistent nociception or the nociceptors from the structures implicated as the source of chronic pain.

Pulsed radiofrequency, neuromodulation, direct introduction of medication and nerve ablation may be used to target either the tissue structures and organ / systems responsible for persistent nociception or the nociceptors from the structures implicated as the source of chronic pain.

* Pulsed carrier can be avoided.

Pulsed lasers can be much more dangerous than the continuous-wave lasers used for audience-scanning displays.

Pulsed pumping was historically used with dye lasers where the inverted population lifetime of a dye molecule was so short that a high energy, fast pump was needed.

Since then, the technique of Pulsed Laser Deposition has been utilized to fabricate high quality crystalline films.

Pulsed operation of lasers refers to any laser not classified as continuous wave, so that the optical power appears in pulses of some duration at some repetition rate.

Pulsed plasma thrusters are a method of spacecraft propulsion also known as Plasma Jet Engines in general.

Pulsed inductive thrusters ( or PITs ) are a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion.

Pulsed FT spectrometry gives the advantage of requiring a single, time-dependent measurement which can easily deconvolute a set of similar but distinct signals.

" Human Perception of Illumination with Pulsed Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Energy ", Science 181: 356 – 8, 1973.

" Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy ", Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.

*“ Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy ” Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.

TA-IV, located approximately 1 / 2 mile ( 1 km ) south of TA-I, consists of several inertial-confinement fusion research and pulsed power research facilities, including the High Energy Radiation Megavolt Electron Source ( Hermes-III ), the Z Facility, the Short Pulsed High Intensity Nanosecond X-Radiator ( SPHINX ) Facility, and the Saturn Accelerator.

Pulsed emission gamma-ray radiation from the Crab has recently been observed up to ≥ 25 GeV, probably due to synchrotron emission by electrons trapped in the strong magnetic field around the pulsar.

To everyone's surprise, the Pulsed Power Conditioning Modules ( PCMs ) suffered capacitor failures that led to explosions.

Pulsed sounds of the porpoise Lagenorhynchus australis.

Pulsed sounds of the porpoise Lagenorhynchus australis.

The selected baselines are two optional PHYs consisting of a UWB Pulse Radio ( operating in unlicensed UWB spectrum ) and a Chirp Spread Spectrum ( operating in unlicensed 2. 4 GHz spectrum ).

UWB is a general term for a new type of radio communication using pulses of energy which spread emitted Radio Frequency energy over 500 MHz + of spectrum or exceeding 20 % fractional bandwidth within the frequency range of 3. 1 GHz to 10. 6 GHz as defined by the FCC ruling issued for UWB in Feb. 2002.

Here a single cycle, or transient wave, is used similar to UWB communications, see List of UWB channels.

Ultra-wideband ( UWB ) is another modulation technique that accomplishes the same purpose, based on transmitting short duration pulses.

Ultra-wideband ( also known as UWB, ultra-wide band and ultraband ) is a radio technology pioneered by Robert A. Scholtz and others which may be used at a very low energy level for short-range, high-bandwidth communications using a large portion of the radio spectrum.

A significant difference between conventional radio transmissions and UWB is that conventional systems transmit information by varying the power level, frequency, and / or phase of a sinusoidal wave.

Such a pulse-based UWB method ( using bursts of pulses ) is the basis of the IEEE 802. 15. 3a draft standard and working group, which has proposed UWB as an alternative PHY layer.

A valuable aspect of UWB technology is the ability for a UWB radio system to determine the " time of flight " of the transmission at various frequencies.

Another feature of pulse-based UWB is that the pulses are very short ( less than 60 cm for a 500 MHz-wide pulse, less than 23 cm for a 1. 3 GHz-bandwidth pulse ), so most signal reflections do not overlap the original pulse and the multipath fading of narrowband signals does not exist.

When stealth is required, some UWB formats ( mainly pulse-based ) may be made to appear like a slight rise in background noise to any receiver unaware of the signal ’ s complex pattern.

It also affects UWB transmissions, but according to the Shannon-Hartley theorem and the variety of geometries applying to various frequencies the ability to compensate is enhanced.

Since UWB has almost impulse-like channel response, a combination of multiple antenna techniques is preferable as well.

Due to the short duration of UWB pulses, it is easier to engineer high data rates ; data rate may be exchanged for range by aggregating pulse energy per data bit ( with integration or coding techniques ).

UWB is used for real-time location systems ; its precision capabilities and low power make it well-suited for radio-frequency-sensitive environments, such as hospitals.

Another feature of UWB is its short broadcast time.

The UWB PHY is allocated frequencies in three ranges: below 1 GHz, between 3 and 5 GHz, and between 6 and 10 GHz.

Ultra-wideband ( UWB ) refers to any radio transmission that uses a very large bandwidth – which is the same as saying it uses very rapid changes in modulation.

Although there is no set bandwidth value that qualifies a signal as " UWB ", systems using bandwidths greater than a sizable portion of the center frequency ( typically about ten percent, or so ) are most often called " UWB " systems.

The main disadvantage of pulse-based UWB SAR is that the transmitting and receiving front-end electronics are difficult to design for high-power applications.

( Although it is true that UWB provides a notable gain in channel capacity over a narrow band signal because of the relationship of bandwidth in the Shannon – Hartley theorem and because the low receive duty cycle receives less noise, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, there is still a notable disparity in link budget because conventional radar might be several orders of magnitude more powerful than a typical pulse-based radar.