* 1965 — Frank R. Collbohm ( President, The RAND Corp .)

The movie, in which he is portrayed by James Spader, documents Ellsberg's life, starting with his work for RAND Corp and ending with the day on which the judge declared his espionage trial a mistrial.

) The task force published 15 copies ; the think-tank RAND Corp received two of the copies from Gelb, Halperin, and Paul Warnke, with access granted if at least two of the three approved.

He was, and is, with the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit pool of thinkers financed by the U.S. Air Force.

ECMA and ISO require that all patents essential to implementation be made available under " reasonable and non-discriminatory ( RAND ) terms ", but interpretation of this has led to much controversy, particularly in the case of Mono.

" In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. ( Cliff ) Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequentially with numerous faculty and student colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.

The Institute was founded in 1972, when packet switching pioneer Keith Uncapher left RAND Corporation with backing from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

In 2009, new research ( now known as the RAND study ) revealed that in the U. S alone, between 3 and 8 million people have interstitial cystitis.

Thus their definition of " liberal " includes the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit research organization with strong ties to the Defense Department.

Netwar is a term developed by RAND researchers John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt to describe an emergent form of low intensity conflict, crime, and activism waged by social networked actors.

In 1947, the RAND Corporation generated numbers by the electronic simulation of a roulette wheel ; the results were eventually published in 1955 as A Million Random Digits with 100, 000 Normal Deviates.

Some of the most referenced organizations, who offer evidence on the existence of racial profiling, noted are The American Civil Liberties Union, which has conducted studies various major U. S. cities, and RAND.

In May, 1946, Project RAND had released the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, which stated, " A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be expected to be one of the most potent scientific tools of the Twentieth Century.

The United States Air Force's Project RAND eventually released the above report, but did not believe that the satellite was a potential military weapon ; rather, they considered it to be a tool for science, politics, and propaganda.

It also introduces the concept of a Delphi pool, perhaps derived from the RAND Corporation's Delphi method-a futures market on world events which bears close resemblance to DARPA's controversial and cancelled Policy Analysis Market.

Notable contributions were made by George Dantzig, Delbert Ray Fulkerson and Selmer M. Johnson at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, who expressed the problem as an integer linear program and developed the cutting plane method for its solution.

* May – The RAND Corporation is established as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution.

The term think tank itself, however, originally referred to organizations that offered military advice — most notably the RAND Corporation, founded originally in 1946 as an offshoot of Douglas Aircraft, and which became an independent corporation in 1948.

" The Air Force set up the RAND Corporation in 1946 to think about air power.

These FFRDCs include the RAND Corporation, the MITRE Corporation, the Institute for Defense Analyses, the Aerospace Corporation, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and other organizations supporting various departments within the U. S. Government.

John Clifford Shaw ( 1922 – 1991 ) was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation.

In the mid-1970s, a single programmer at RAND Corporation, working from publicly available documentation, wrote a fully functional PL / S compiler.

In late 1969 — with the assistance of his former RAND Corporation colleague Anthony Russo and the staff of Senator Edward Kennedy — Ellsberg secretly made several sets of photocopies of the classified documents to which he had access ; these later became known as the Pentagon Papers.

In 1995, O ' Neill was made chairman of the RAND Corporation.

About 1960, the Ford Foundation made a grant to the RAND Corporation to support work on urban transportation problems.

Researchers from the RAND corporation studied Dr. Sanders ' method and determined that his approach does not satisfactorily account for bias, cautioning that non-educational effects may be attributed by mistake to teachers, with no way of effectively determining the magnitude of the error .< ref >

Some tablets, especially inexpensive ones aimed at young children, come with a corded stylus, using technology similar to older RAND tablets, although this design is no longer used on any normal tablets.

Like the W3C, which requires participants to offer royalty-free licenses to anyone using the resulting standard, OASIS offers a similar Royalty Free on Limited Terms mode, along with a Royalty Free on RAND Terms mode and a RAND ( reasonable and non-discriminatory ) mode for its committees.

He produced one of the second large collections of random digits ( 100, 000 in total, over twice as many as those published by L. H. C. Tippett in 1927 ), which was a commonly used tract until the publication of RAND Corporation's A Million Random Digits with 100, 000 Normal Deviates in 1955 ( which was developed with a roulette wheel-like machine very similar to Kendall's and verified as " random " using his statistical tests ).

An early paper with interim results from the RAND HIE concluded that health insurance without coinsurance " leads to more people using services and to more services per user ," referring to both outpatient and inpatient services.

He also lead the RAND Tablet Project, a computer system for recognizing hand printed characters using a tablet and stylus.

In the mid-1940s, the RAND Corporation set about to develop a large table of random numbers for use with the Monte Carlo method, and using a hardware random number generator produced A Million Random Digits with 100, 000 Normal Deviates.

Newhouse, summarizing the RAND HIE in 2004, wrote " For most people enrolled in the RAND experiment, who were typical of Americans covered by employment-based insurance, the variation in use across the plans appeared to have minimal to no effects on health status.

For example, in 2007 RAND researchers reviewed the literature published between 1985 and 2006 on prescription drug cost sharing, which included co-payments, tiering, coinsurance, pharmacy benefit caps or monthly prescription limits, formulary restrictions, and reference pricing.

Bemer began his career as an aerodynamicist at Douglas Aircraft Company in 1941, then worked for RAND Corporation from 1951, IBM from 1957, and Honeywell from 1974.

The RAND table was an important breakthrough in delivering random numbers because such a large and carefully prepared table had never before been available ( the largest previously published table was ten times smaller in size ), and because it was also available on IBM punched cards, which allowed for its use in computers.

A landmark report by the RAND Corporation was commissioned by the Senate Committee on Rules in 2001 when a bill authorizing court-ordered outpatient treatment was being debated in California ( subsequently passed and known as " Laura's Law " for Laura Wilcox ).

Baran developed the concept of message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force in the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265 then published as RAND Paper P-2626 in 1962 and then including and expanding somewhat within a series of eleven papers titled On Distributed Communications in 1964.

The Meta Data Repository-created by the non-profit RAND Corporation and sponsored by the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health-provides access to meta data for these questions as well as links to obtain respondent data from the originating surveys.

The RAND Corporation's Arc project, developed in concert with Suisman Urban Design, is a sweeping infrastructure plan for a prospective Palestinian state.

As part of collection of studies conducted under the auspices of the RAND Corporation ’ s Center for Middle East Public Policy, the Palestinian Arc study has by far received the most notoriety and broad acceptance from Palestinians, Israelis, Europeans, Americans, and across the Middle East.

In the later category, he served as the first non-US member ever of the Board of Trustees of the RAND Corporation ( Santa Monica ) and on the Advisory Board of the Centre for European Reform ( London ).

Better known ( and often mis-stated as the first digitizer tablet ) is the RAND Tablet also known as the Grafacon ( for Graphic Converter ), introduced in 1964.

The Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship was a 1946 proposal, by Project RAND, for a United States satellite program.

* Book for sale or free download at RAND website

Douglas Aircraft built the equipment, implementing Cecil Hasting ’ s suggestion ( RAND P-113 ) for a noise source ( most likely the well known behavior of the 6D4 miniature gas thyratron tube, when placed in a magnetic field ).

* Some specific suggestions for achieving early non-military defense capabilities and initiating long-range programs, RAND Corporation research memorandum RM-2206-RC, 1958

In Habitable Planets for Man, a 1964 RAND Corporation study by American space scientist Stephen H. Dole, the odds of a habitable planet being in orbit around Epsilon Eridani were estimated at 3. 3 %.

Khalilzad also currently serves as a Counselor at the Center for Strategic International Studies ( CSIS ) and sits on the Boards of the National Endowment for Democracy ( NED ), America Abroad Media ( AAM ), the RAND Corporation's Middle East Studies Center, the American University of Iraq in Suleymania ( AUIS ), and the American University of Afghanistan ( AUAF ).

During this time, he helped found RAND's Center for Middle Eastern Studies as well as " Strategic Appraisal ," a periodic RAND publication.

" While at RAND, Khalilzad also had a brief stint consulting for Cambridge Energy Research Associates, which at the time was conducting a risk analysis for Unocal, now part of Chevron, for a proposed 1, 400 km ( 890 mile ), $ 2-billion, 622 m³ / s ( 22, 000 ft³ / s ) Trans-Afghanistan gas pipeline project which would have extended from Turkmenistan to Afghanistan and further proceeding to Pakistan.