The Catholic Church had signed the Reichskonkordat in 1933, the year Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power.

It condemned breaches of the Reichskonkordat agreement signed between the Nazi government and the Church in 1933, and criticised those parts of Nazism that contradicted Catholicism, and condemned pantheistic confusion, neopaganism, " the so-called myth of race and blood ", and statolatry.

* Jul 20, 1933 Reichskonkordat signed with Holy See.

It is alleged that Pius XI favored Hitler as a " bulwark against Communism " and because of this signed the Reichskonkordat, through which Hitler gained international respectability.

Pacelli ( seated, center ) at the signing of the Reichskonkordat on 20 July 1933 in Rome with ( from left to right ): German prelate Ludwig Kaas, German Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, Secretary of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs Giuseppe Pizzardo, Alfredo Ottaviani, and Reich minister Rudolf Buttmann

The Reichskonkordat was an integral part of four concordats Pacelli concluded on behalf of the Vatican with German States.

" On 10 June 1941, the pope commented on the problems of the Reichskonkordat in a letter to the Bishop of Passau, in Bavaria: " The history of the Reichskonkordat shows, that the other side lacked the most basic prerequisites to accept minimal freedoms and rights of the Church, without which the Church simply cannot live and operate, formal agreements notwithstanding ".

The Reichskonkordat between the Catholic Church and Nazi Germany-signed on July 20, 1933-gave a certain shelter to the catholic youth ministry, but they were object of much bullying.

The signing of the Reichskonkordat on July 20, 1933 in Rome.

The signing of the Reichskonkordat on 20 July 1933 in Rome.

According to Barry's biography, Muench focused on three goals: the Vatican mission for Catholic displaced persons and prisoners of war ( funded by American donations brokered by Muench ); maintaining the validity of the Reichskonkordat ( a 1933 treaty between the Vatican and Germany ); and the autonomy of German Catholic schools.

Papen officially went on skiing holidays to Italy, but his real destination was Vatican City, where he was to offer a Reichskonkordat on his government's behalf.

Das Reichskonkordat vom 20.

Das Reichskonkordat vom 20. 7. 1933.

Subsequently in July the Centre Party was voluntarily dissolved in a quid pro quo with the Pope under the anti-communist Pope Pius XI for the Reichskonkordat ; and by these manoeuvres Hitler achieved movement of these Catholic voters into the Nazi party, and a long-awaited international diplomatic acceptance of his regime.

Between 1933 and 1939, Pacelli issued 55 protests of violations of the Reichskonkordat.

For example, defense attorney Hans Rolfe ( Maximilian Schell ) raises such issues as the support of U. S. Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. for eugenics practices, the Hitler-Vatican Reichskonkordat in 1933, the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939 that allowed Hitler to start World War II and Winston Churchill's praising of Adolf Hitler.

It disbanded around the time of the signing of the Reichskonkordat ( 1933 ), the treaty that continues to regulate church-state relations to this day.

Hitler's Pope is a book published in 1999 by the British journalist and author John Cornwell that examines the actions of Eugenio Pacelli / Pope Pius XII before and during the Nazi era, and explores the charge that he assisted in the legitimization of Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime in Germany, through the pursuit of a Reichskonkordat in 1933.

He further argues that Monsignor Kass, who was involved in negotiations for the Reichskonkordat, and at that time the head of the Roman Catholic Centre Party, persuaded his party members, with the acquiescence of Pacelli, in the summer of 1933 to enable Hitler to acquire dictatorial powers.

In 1999, Cornwell published Hitler's Pope, in which he accuses Pope Pius XII of assisting in the legitimization of the Nazi regime in Germany through the pursuit of a Reichskonkordat in 1933 and of remaining silent, like the Allies, after some information about the Holocaust was released to the public in late 1942 and early 1943.

He further argues that Monsignor Kass, who was involved in negotiations for the Reichskonkordat, and at that time the head of the Roman Catholic Centre Party, persuaded his party members, with the acquiescence of Pacelli, in the summer of 1933 to enable Hitler to acquire dictatorial powers.

The Reichskonkordat was a treaty between the Holy See and Nazi Germany, that guaranteed the rights of the Catholic Church in Germany.

The Reichskonkordat is the most controversial of several concordats agreed between various states and the Vatican during the reign of Pope Pius XI and is frequently discussed in works that deal with the rise of Hitler in the early 1930s and the Holocaust.

In this book he purports to examine the position of Pacelli, the later Pius XII, towards Adolf Hitler ’ s seizure of power, the downfall of the Catholic Zentrum Party, the Reichskonkordat between Nazi-Germany and the Vatican, the encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge (‘ With Burning Concern ’), paganism, the national-socialist education programs, the ‘ T4-program ’ ( the murder of physically and mentally handicapped persons ), the invasion of Poland, Operation Barbarossa, the Jews in the Netherlands, priest-president Jozef Tiso of Slovakia, the Ustasha in Independent State of Croatia, the deportation of Jews from Rome, the Hungarian Holocaust, the help offered to war criminals, the resistance against Nazism, the alleged refusal of the Church to " give back Jewish " children who had been in hiding, the failures of the Allies, alleged antisemitism after the Holocaust, and the moral question of alleged guilt of the Church and the pope.

Because of Kaas's request for guarantees and because of his later involvement in the Reichskonkordat negotiations, it is sometimes alleged that Kaas's assent was part of a quid pro quo of interests between the Holy See and the new regime.

In his 2009 review of Roman Catholic priest-scholar Kevin P. Spicer's Hitler's Priests: Catholic Clergy and National Socialism, he praises the book's admirable qualities but criticizes the work for its failure to distinguish between the small minority of " brown priests ", those priests who unequivocally supported the Nazi regime, with those who whom he considers to be " fellow travellers ", i. e. accepting the benefits that came with the Reichskonkordat but who failed to condemn the Nazi regime at the same time.

Before election to the papacy, Pacelli served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany ( 1917 – 1929 ), and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations, most notably the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany.

To establish or maintain the position of the Church, he fostered and concluded a record number of concordats, including the Reichskonkordat with Germany.

Ludwig Kaas was a scholar and prolific writer, addressing a wide range of issues in Latin or German concerning marital law, education reform, moral and systematic theology, canon law, prisoners of war, the speeches of Eugenio Pacelli, historical issues, policy issues of the Weimar Republic and the Reichskonkordat.

Most notably, early in 1937, Pacelli asked several German cardinals, including Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber to help him write a protest of Nazi violations of the Reichskonkordat ; this was to become Pius XI's 1937 encyclical, Mit brennender Sorge.

These Protestant resisters attempted to rally Catholic prelates to the dangers portended by these agreements but were simply rebuffed when the Reichskonkordat was ratified.

It was one of the first instances where the Reichskonkordat was used by the Church as a legal instrument opposing the government, which was one of the intentions of Pope Pius XI.

Ottaviani ( second from right ) at the signing of the Reichskonkordat

He successfully used the recently agreed-upon Reichskonkordat (§ 21, granting the Church the right to determine its own religious instruction ) to force the National Socialists to permit continued Catholic instruction in Catholic schools.

He sent his vice chancellor Franz von Papen, a Catholic nobleman and member of the Centre Party, to Rome to offer negotiations about a Reichskonkordat.

He had set out to abstain, but after Heinrich Brüning indicated that with regard to the Reichskonkordat the Centre Party MPs would assent, ultimately subordinated to party discipline.

Pius XI's encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge ( 1937 ) protested what it perceived to be violations of the Reichskonkordat.

I had signed it off on the forms.

But though each of its members had asserted this right against the Union, the final Constitution which the Confederacy signed on March 11 -- nearly a month before hostilities began -- included no explicit provision authorizing a state to secede.

The queen agreed on December 17, a warrant was signed on January 27, and the Exchequer paid Quiney his expenses on February 27, 1598/9.

She signed the letters quickly, stamped them, and placed them on the hall table for Raphael to mail in town.

I have today signed an Executive Order establishing a Peace Corps on a temporary pilot basis.

In all, the Senate signed a check for $46.7 billion, which not only included the extra $3.5 billion requested the week before by President Kennedy, but tacked on $754 million more than the President had asked for.

The affidavit concludes in the standard format " sworn ( declared ) before me, of commissioner for oaths / solicitor, a commissioner for oaths ( solicitor ), on the at in the county / city of, and I know the deponent ( declarant )", and it is signed and stamped by the commissioner for oaths.

The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an independent non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act.

* The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities ( 1988 ) ( signed in 1988, not in force )

* The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed October 4, 1991 and entered into force January 14, 1998 ; this agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas.

It was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H. W. Bush, and later amended with changes effective January 1, 2009.

* 1977 – The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure is signed.

When King Amadeus finally had the bill in his desk, which would extend the 1837 Abolition Act to the Antilles, he was put on notice of a coup financed by Cuban plantationers and industrialists if he signed.

The letter agreeing to sell his share was signed on February 26, 1901.

It was created by a deed which he signed on June 7, 1901, and it was incorporated by Royal Charter on August 21, 1902.

Applesoft converted integer numbers to real before performing operations on them, converting the result back to an integer only if it was to be assigned to a ( 16-bit signed ) integer variable.

The most popular player in franchise history, " Gonzo " signed a one-year contract worth just under $ 7 million on December 7 to play for the rival Los Angeles Dodgers for the 2007 season.

A ceremony is held Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every 11 November on the anniversary of the armistice signed between France and Germany in 1918.

Encouraged, however, by letters signed by the rabbis of Argentière and Lunel, and particularly by the support of Kalonymus ben Todros, the nasi of Narbonne, and of the eminent Talmudist Asheri of Toledo, Ben Adret issued a decree, signed by thirty-three rabbis of Barcelona, excommunicating those who should, within the next fifty years, study physics or metaphysics before their thirtieth year of age ( basing his action on the principle laid down by Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed part one chapter 34 ), and had the order promulgated in the synagogue on Sabbath, July 26, 1305.