Initially led by Canovas del Castillo as moderate prime minister, what was thought at one time as a coup aimed at placing the military in the political-administrative positions of power, in reality ushered in a permanent civilian regime tat lasted until the 1931 Second Republic.

Although his term lasted only six months instead of twelve ( except for the Dictatorships of Sulla and Caesar ), all other magistrates reported to the dictator ( except for the tribunes of the plebs-although they could not veto any of the dictator's acts ), granting the dictator absolute authority in both civil and military matters throughout the Republic.

The Spanish founded modern day Quito and Guayaquil as part of the political-administration era which lasted until the war of Independence, the rise of Gran Colombia and Simón Bolívar to the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador.

The Concordat of 1801 between Napoleon and the Church ended the de-Christianization period and established the rules for a relationship between the Catholic Church and the French State that lasted until it was abrogated by the Third Republic via the separation of church and state on 11 December 1905.

Honduras later joined the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide, a fact which lasted until the formation of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.

The country was then renamed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ( DRA ), and the PDPA regime lasted, in some form or another, until April 1992.

Dogra Rule, under the paramountcy ( or tutelage ) of the British Crown, lasted until 1947, when the former princely state became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China.

The Empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the Allies and was succeeded by the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923.

Under a federalist constitution that was later brought up in 1858 ( and another one in 1863 ), Panama and other constituent states gained almost complete autonomy on many levels of their administration, which led to an often anarchic national state of affairs that lasted roughly until Colombia's return to centralism in 1886 with the establishment of a new Republic of Colombia.

Two later attempts represented the enthusiasm of Libya's Muammar Gaddafi ; these were the Federation of Arab Republics which lasted five years and the Arab Islamic Republic which never emerged in practice.

The Dutch Revolt, beginning in 1568, saw the Dutch Republic reject the rule of Habsburg Spain in a conflict that lasted until 1648.

The Republic lasted for one year under joint French and Turkish military supervision.

** Korean War ( 1950 – 1953 ) – The war, which lasted from June 25, 1950 until the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement on July 27, 1953, started as a civil war between North Korea and the Republic of Korea ( South Korea ).

When Ecuador and Venezuela seceded from Gran Colombia, a " Republic of New Granada ", with its capital at Bogotá, lasted from 1831 to 1856.

The Republic became a commercial superpower and its influence lasted through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

The Pax Romana began with the accession of Augustus in 27 BC, which marked the end of the Roman Republic and its final civil wars, and lasted until 180 AD at the death of Marcus Aurelius.

A revolution led by local fisherman Masaniello saw the creation of a brief independent Neapolitan Republic, though this lasted only a few months before Spanish rule was regained.

The Republic of the United Provinces was officially recognized in the Peace of Westphalia ( 1648 ), and lasted until French revolutionary forces invaded in 1795 and set up a new republic, called the Batavian Republic which would be replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland.

This regime lasted until late 1918 when it was overthrown by a new " Directory " of the re-established Ukrainian People's Republic.

The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First French Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I.

The Mao era lasted from the founding of the People's Republic on October 1, 1949 to Deng Xiaoping's grip onto power and policy reversal at the Third Plenum of the 11th Party Congress on December 22, 1978.

The coronation ceremony lasted for two days and cost 10 million GBP, more than annual budget of the Central African Republic.

Rome's war against the Gallic tribes lasted from 58 BC to 50 BC and culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul ( mainly present day France and Belgium ).

Two committees of members of the Advisory Board constitute the committees of selection -- one for the selection of Fellows from Canada, the United States, and the English-speaking Caribbean area and one for the selection of Fellows from the Latin American republics and the Republic of the Philippines.

To derive Utopian communism from the Jerusalem Christian community of the apostolic age or from its medieval successors-in-spirit, the monastic communities, is with an appropriate shift of adjectives, misleading in the same way as to derive it from Plato's Republic: in the Republic we have to do with an elite of physical and intellectual athletes, in the apostolic and monastic communities with an elite of spiritual and religious athletes.

In some countries the trend has gone further than others: Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela are displaying open sympathy for Castroism, and there is no country -- save the Dominican Republic whose funeral services we recently arranged -- where Castroism and Anti-Americanism does not prevent the government from unqualifiedly espousing the American cause.

The last obstacle in Mrs. Geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of Syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from Egypt and the United Arab Republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa.

Several of the dialects have been influenced by contact with non-Germanic linguistic groups, such as the dialect of Carinthia, where in the past many speakers were bilingual with Slovene, and the dialect of Vienna, which has been influenced by immigration during the Austro-Hungarian period, particularly from what is today the Czech Republic.

Anatolia ( from Greek — " east " or "( sun ) rise "; also Asia Minor, from " small Asia "; in modern ) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.

Armenia became independent from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic on 28 May 1918 as the Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA ).

* 1960 – The Central African Republic declares independence from France.

* Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Central African Republic from France in 1960.

* 1572 – In the Eighty Years ' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

* 2008 – A EuroCity express train en-route from Kraków, Poland to Prague, Czech Republic strikes a part of a motorway bridge that had fallen onto the railroad track near Studénka railway station in the Czech Republic and derails, killing 8 people and injuring 64 others.

Amber jewellery from Dominican Republic

* 2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522 en route from Larnaca, Cyprus via Athens, Greece to Prague, Czech Republic crashes near Athens, with at least 121 on board.

* 1960 – Republic of the Congo ( Brazzaville ) becomes independent from France.

* Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Republic of the Congo from France in 1960.

However, if we look for the peoples in the region from the upper Main in the north, south to the Danube and east to the Czech Republic where the Quadi and Marcomanni were located, Ptolemy does not give any tribes.

The provisional government would be responsible for the creation of the Federal Republic, and it was in effect from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.

On May 21, 1823, was enacted The Basic Project of the Federal Republic.

Special cases were those of Yucatan, which on December 23, 1823 decided to join the federation but as a Federated Republic and Chiapas, which decided by referendum to join the federation on September 14, 1824.

In 1823, the Republic of Mexico granted Rancho San Pablo, an extent of land lying north of Cerrito Creek and the Rancho San Antonio, including that portion of land that is now Kensington, to Francisco María Castro, a veteran of the Mexican Army and former alcalde of San José.

After the 1823 collapse of the First Mexican Empire, the former Captaincy-General of Guatemala was organized into a new Federal Republic of Central America.

The coat of arms on the nation's flag from 1823 – 1824 referred to the federation ( in Spanish ) as Provincias Unidas del Centro de América (" United Provinces of the Center of America "); however, its 1824 constitution, coat of arms, and flag called it República Federal de Centroamérica / Centro América (" Federal Republic of Central America ").

The annexation to the Mexican Empire was short-lived, with the collapse of the Mexican Empire and the subsequent creation of the Federal Republic of Central America on April 1, 1823.

The confederation subsequently joined the Mexican Empire that same year, then in 1823 became a part of the federal Mexican government as the Federated Republic of Yucatan.

Some of her works include The Woodbridge and Willard Geographies and Atlases ( 1823 ), which she wrote with the American geographer William Channing Woodbridge ; History of the United States, or Republic of America ( 1828 ), A System of Fulfillment of a Promise ( 1831 ), A Treatise on the Motive Powers which Produce the Circulation of the Blood ( 1846 ), Guide to the Temple of Time and Universal History for Schools ( 1849 ), Last Leaves of American History ( 1849 ), Astronography ; or Astronomical Geography ( 1854 ), and Morals for the Young ( 1857 ).

File: Coat of arms of the United Provinces of Central America. svg | Coat of Arms of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1823 to November, 1824

The Mexican flag displayed in the Austin Capitol is the one of the Mexican Republic of 1823 through 1864.

Anderson was appointed as the first United States Minister to the Republic of Colombia on January 27, 1823.