The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage became a basic constituent of neoclassical trade theory.

Ricardian trade theory ordinarily assumes that the labor is the unique input.

On the other hand, adherents to the Ricardian model thought that Britain could use its capital and population to advantage in a system of free trade.

The Ricardian model of comparative advantage has trade ultimately motivated by differences in labour productivity using different technologies.

Shiozawa's new construction, or Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory, enables Ricardian trade theory to include choice of techniques.

At the most basic level, this Ricardian law of value specified " labor-content " as the substance and measure of economic value, and it suggests that trade will-other things being equal-evolve towards the exchange of equivalents ( insofar as all trading partners try to " get their money's worth ").

One aim of this debate was to move beyond crude Ricardian interpretations of comparative advantage or comparative costs in explaining the pattern of world trade.

In particular, when the volume of intra-industry trade ( IIT ) between countries grows ( i. e. the same kinds of products are both imported and exported by a country, e. g. cars, wine, beer, clothes, vegetables ), and when different branches of the same multinational import and export between countries with their own internal price regime, international comparative advantage theories of the Ricardian type do not apply.

McKenzie and Jones emphasized the necessity to expand the Ricardian theory to the cases of traded inputs.

Based on the discrepancy between the wages of labor and the value of the product, the " Ricardian socialists " — Charles Hall, Thomas Hodgskin, John Gray, and John Francis Bray — applied Ricardo's theory to develop theories of exploitation.

Classical comparative advantage theory was extended in two directions: Ricardian theory and Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theory ( HOS theory ).

Ricardian theory was formulated by Jones ' 1961 paper, but it was limited to the case where there are no traded intermediate goods.

The Ricardian equivalence proposition ( also known as the Barro – Ricardo equivalence theorem ) is an economic theory holding that consumers internalize the government's budget constraint: as a result, the timing of any tax change does not affect their level of spending.

The Austrian economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk argued against both the Ricardian labor theory of price and Marx's theory of exploitation.

This seemed to contradict the theory put forth by classic Ricardian economics, that all costs are distributed simultaneously as purchasing power.

The so-called Ricardian theory of rent is a speculative fancy, contradicted by all experience.

Marx understood that the casual reader might mistakenly treat his category as interchangeable with its Ricardian predecessor, and in later editions and the Afterword to the Second German Edition implores readers to pay particular attention to the mediations between that old category and the one his own theory sought to establish.

Underconsumption theory narrowly refers to heterodox economists in Britain in the 19th century, particularly 1815 onwards, who advanced the theory of underconsumption and rejected classical economics in the form of Ricardian economics.

Ricardian theory is now extended in a general form which includes not only labor but also inputs of materials and intermediate goods.

In 1777 Anderson published An Enquiry into the Nature of the Corn Laws in which he introduced what was to become the Malthusian / Ricardian theory of rent.

Some economists and computer scientists, such as Prof. Anwar Shaikh and Dr. Paul Cockshott, argue with statistical evidence that even just a " 93 % Ricardian labour theory of value " is a better empirical predictor of prices than other theories.

Many economists have dismissed the H-O theory in favor of a more Ricardian model where technological differences determine comparative advantage.

Early market socialism was expressed by Ricardian socialists, mutualists and individualist anarchists and was based on the theories of classical economics.

* Ricardian ( Richard III ), a supporter of the thesis that Richard III of England was a " good king "

The term " classical economics " was coined by Karl Marx to refer to Ricardian economics – the economics of David Ricardo and James Mill and their predecessors – but usage was subsequently extended to include the followers of Ricardo.

The language of the poems shows that the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, and William Langland, who are sometimes ( following the suggestion of academic John Burrow ) collectively called the Ricardian Poets in reference to the reign of Richard II of England.

The problem in Britain was particularly severe and the British response created a ripple effect that worsened problems in the German states: In trying to manage the post-war economy, the British government was caught between the Malthusian understanding of the relationship of wages, prices, and population, and the Ricardian model.

Marx drew on Hegel's philosophy, the political economy of Adam Smith, Ricardian economics, and nineteenth-century French socialism to develop a critique of society which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.

In the reign of Richard II there was an upsurge in the use of Middle English in poetry, sometimes termed " Ricardian poetry ", although the works still emulated French fashions.

The book was the first to put the neoclassical growth model at center stage, and the first place that in print discussed what has later become known as Ricardian Equivalence.

Sometimes referred to as a “ Ricardian socialist ,” Thomas Hodgskin was a thoroughgoing anti-statist.

Early notable socialist proponents of free-markets include Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Benjamin Tucker and the Ricardian socialists, who believed that genuinely free markets and voluntary exchange cannot exist within the exploitative conditions of capitalism.

Proponents of early free-market socialism include the Ricardian socialist economists, the classical liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill, and the anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.

In 1977, Gerald P. O ' Driscoll opined that Ricardo, in expanding his treatment of this subject for an Encyclopædia Britannica article, changed so many features of it as to result in a Ricardian Nonequivalence Theorem.

The Society organises trips to places of Ricardian interest, lectures, medieval feasts and raises funds for a range of Ricardian purposes.

* Differential rent ( also called quality or Ricardian rent ) arises because of differences in the quality of similar goods or inputs ( e. g. production sites ).

The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage, which arises due to differences in technology or natural resources.

The Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.

Unlike Ricardo or the Ricardian socialists, Marx distinguishes between labor power and labor.

The Ricardian socialists viewed profit, interest and rent as deductions from this exchange-value.

Socialist theories that favored the market date back to the Ricardian socialists, who advocated a free-market combined with state ownership of the means of production.

Neoliberalism emphasizes the Ricardian concept of comparative advantage over theories of Import Substitution Industrialization, which had gained prominence in the first half of the 20th Century and which involved a limited use of protectionist measures.

* Anne Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, "' A Most Benevolent Queen ': Queen Elizabeth Woodville's Reputation, Her Piety, and Her Books ", The Ricardian, X: 129, June 1995.

In this capacity, and as a loyal member of the Ricardian regime at the time, he can be considered at the very least an accessory to the Princes ’ deaths, since once they had entered the security of the Tower they were never seen or heard of again.

Consequently, Ricardian equivalence suggests that it does not matter whether a government finances its spending with debt or a tax increase, because the effect on the total level of demand in the economy is the same.

Antonio De Viti De Marco elaborated on Ricardian equivalence starting in the 1890s.

Ricardian equivalence requires assumptions that have been seriously challenged.

Ricardian equivalence has been the subject of extensive empirical inquiry.

Ricardian coins were minted at Canterbury, Carlisle, Durham, Exeter, Lichfield, Lincoln, London, Northampton, Norwich, Shrewsbury, Winchester, Worcester, and York.