Furthermore, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ), an astronomer and mathematician from Baghdad, authored the Treasury of Astronomy, a remarkably accurate table of planetary movements that reformed the existing planetary model of Roman astronomer Ptolemy by describing a uniform circular motion of all planets in their orbits.

After disagreements with the new Danish king in 1597, he was invited by the Bohemian king and Holy Roman emperor Rudolph II to Prague, where he became the official imperial astronomer.

* Jesuit astronomer Christoph Scheiner becomes the advisor to Archduke Maximilian, brother of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II in Vienna.

Claudius Ptolemy ( c. 120 CE ) was an ancient astronomer and astrologer in early Imperial Roman times who wrote several books on astronomy.

Nicholas of Kues ( 1401 – August 11, 1464 ), also referred to as Nicolaus Cusanus and Nicholas of Cusa, was a cardinal of the Catholic Church from Germany ( Holy Roman Empire ), a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and an astronomer.

This was due to the dominance of the geocentric model developed by Ptolemy ( c. 83-161 AD ), a Hellenized astronomer from Roman Egypt, in his Almagest treatise.

She suggested the name Pluto — the Roman God of the Underworld who was able to make himself invisible — and Falconer Madan forwarded the suggestion to astronomer Herbert Hall Turner, who cabled his American colleagues at Lowell Observatory.

Brian P. Roman is an American astronomer.

The scientist of the Roman period who had the greatest influence on later generations was undoubtedly the astronomer Ptolemy.

Tadeáš Hájek z Hájku () ( 1 December 1525-1 September 1600, both in Prague ), also known as Tadeáš Hájek of Hájek, Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayek or Thaddeus Nemicus, was the personal physician of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II and a Bohemian astronomer.

He is said ( e. g. by Roman astronomer / astrologer Vettius Valens ) to have published tables to compute the motion of the Moon ; said to have been used by the Greeks, until superseded by the work of Hipparchus and later by Ptolemy ( Claudius Ptolemaios ).

He is often confused with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria, who advised Julius Caesar on the reform of the Roman calendar.

* Nancy Roman, astronomer

Alexander's claims were recognized by the Roman Senate, Ptolemy Philometor of Egypt and others.

Isca Dumnoniorum originated with a settlement that developed around the Roman fortress of the Legio II Augusta and is one of the four poleis ( cities ) attributed to the tribe by Ptolemy.

* Claudius Ptolemy 83 – c. 168 AD, Roman Empire ( Roman Egypt )

Another of the most famous of the early physicists was Ptolemy ( 90 AD-168 AD ), one of the leading minds during the time of the Roman Empire.

Ptolemy Apion, the last Greek ruler, bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome, which formally annexed the region in 74 BC and joined it to Crete as a Roman province.

The Decree of Canopus, which was issued by the pharaoh Ptolemy III, Euergetes of Ancient Egypt in 239 BC, decreed a solar leap day system ; an Egyptian leap year was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus successfully instituted a reformed Alexandrian calendar.

First mentioned by Ptolemy, the Roman city Vindinium was the capital of the Aulerci, a sub tribe of the Aedui.

* Ptolemy ( c. 90c. 168 ), who compiled Greek and Roman knowledge to produce the book Geographia.

In the geographers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire, such as Ptolemy, Scythia stretches eastward from the mouth of the Vistula ; thus Pytheas must have described the Germanic coast of the Baltic sea ; if the statement is true, there are no other possibilities.

The name Claudius is a Roman nomen ; the fact that Ptolemy bore it indicates he lived under the Roman rule of Egypt with the privileges and political rights of Roman citizenship.

He was a Roman citizen, but most scholars conclude that Ptolemy was ethnically Greek, although some suggest he was a Hellenized Egyptian.

Ptolemy also devised and provided instructions on how to create maps both of the whole inhabited world ( oikoumenè ) and of the Roman provinces.

They are assumed to have been the descendants of the Caledonii and other tribes named by Roman historians or found on the world map of Ptolemy.

In the 2nd century, Ptolemy ( c. 90-c. 186 AD ) of Roman Egypt published a star catalogue as part of his Almagest, which listed 1, 022 stars visible from Alexandria.

It seems to have received a colony in the time of Augustus, whence we find mention in inscriptions of the Ordo et Populus splendidissimae Coloniae Augustae Himeraeorum Thermitanorum: and there can be very little doubt that the Thermae colonia of Pliny in reality refers to this town, though he evidently understood it to be Thermae Selinuntiae ( modern Sciacca ), as he places it on the south coast between Agrigentum ( modern Agrigento ) and Selinus There are little subsequent account of Thermae ; but, as its name is found in Ptolemy and the Itineraries, it appears to have continued in existence throughout the period of the Roman Empire, and probably never ceased to be inhabited, as the modern town of Termini Imerese retains the ancient site as well as name.

Cyprus became a Roman province in 58 BC, according to Strabo because Publius Clodius Pulcher held a grudge against Ptolemy and sent Marcus Cato to conquer the island after he had become tribune.

During the Roman period, the geographer Ptolemy noted that Sardinia was inhabited by the following peoples, from north to south: the Tibulati and the Corsi, the Coracenses, the Carenses and the Cunusitani, the Salcitani and the Lucuidonenses, the Æsaronenses, the Æchilenenses ( also called Cornenses ), the Rucensi, the Celsitani and the Corpicenses, the Scapitani and the Siculensi, the Neapolitani and the Valentini, the Solcitani and the Noritani.

The Roman Senate, along with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt, support Alexander Balas and he becomes the ruler of the Seleucid Empire.

After Roman times, Einhard mentions that in 765 – 6 Pippin the Younger spent both Christmas and Easter at Aquis villa (""), which must have been sufficiently equipped to support the royal household for several months.

Also, Luke mentions a few Roman officials that believe in Jesus Christ ( Acts 10: 1-11: 18 ; 13: 12 ).

Strabo mentions that a Roman colony was created at the location in the reign of Augustus, named Colonia Alexandria Augusta Troas ( called simply Troas during this period ).

The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.

In the late 2nd century, the Historia Augusta mentions that in the rule of Marcus Aurelius ( 161-80 ), an alliance of lower Danube tribes including the Bastarnae, the Sarmatian Roxolani and the Costoboci took advantage of the emperor's difficulties on the upper Danube ( the Marcomannic Wars ) to invade Roman territory.

Immediately adjacent to the exit ( and overlooked by most tour guides ) is the inscription that mentions the Roman proconsul Gallio.

Cicero is the only Roman source that mentions Antony ’ s first wife.

The Roman poet Horace mentions it in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: " As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance.

The discovery of persistence of vision is attributed to the Roman poet Lucretius, although he only mentions it in connection

Indeed, at one point he mentions " Leo and Benedict, successively great priests of the Roman Church ".

Stalactites are first mentioned ( though not by name ) by the Roman natural historian Pliny in a text which also mentions stalagmites and columns and refers to their creation by the dripping of water.

In a little over a century later, Gnaeus Julius Agricola mentions Roman armies attacking a large druid sanctuary in Anglesey, also known as Holyhead, Wales.

The Roman historian Eutropius in his book, Historiae Romanae Breviarium, written around 369, mentions the Wall of Severus, a structure built by Septimius Severus who was Roman Emperor between 193 and 211:

Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers ( as Rou and Garin ), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

The Roman chronicler Tacitus even mentions that the rebellious Batavi pierced dikes to flood their land and to protect their retreat ( AD 70 ).

Eusebius of Caesarea references Saracens in his Ecclesiastical history, in which he narrates an account wherein Dionysus, Bishop of Alexandria mentions Saracens in a letter while describing the Roman emperor Decius ' persecution: " Many were, in the Arabian mountain, enslaved by the barbarous sarkenoi.

In Book 5, Chapter 44 the Commentarii de Bello Gallico notably mentions Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo, two Roman centurions of the 11th Legion.

The Roman Martyrology mentions the Pope in question only under the name of " Cletus ".

Cornelius mentions that at the time, the Roman Church had, “ forty six priests, seven deacons, seven sub-deacons, forty two acolytes, fifty two ostiarii, and over one thousand five hundred widows and persons in distress .” His letters also inform that Cornelius had a staff of over 150 clergy members and the church fed over 1, 500 people daily.

The only sources are Ammianus, who describes the battle but mentions few units by name, and the eastern Notitia Dignitatum, which lists Roman army units in the late 4th to early 5th century, after Theodosius.

He also mentions losing himself in dotage-“ himself ” referring to Antony as Roman ruler and authority over people including Cleopatra.

He mentions the gouvernante and the aumônier of his college, who instilled in him a strong Roman Catholic faith.

Henry Swinburne, however, mentions Roman ruins as existing in the peninsula formed by the rivers Crathis and Sybaris near their junction, which may perhaps be those of Thurii.