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The Romans called this territory Aquitania, either from the Latin word aqua ( meaning " water "), in reference to the many rivers flowing from the Pyrenees through the area, or from the name of the Aquitanian Ausci tribe ( whose name seems related to the Basque root eusk-meaning " Basque "), in which case Aquitania would mean " land of the Ausci ".
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Romans and called
In this respect, the Romans called him Coelispex ( ; from Latin coelum, " sky ", and specere, " to look at ").
Underneath the royal class were the nobles ( called optimates by the Romans ) and warriors ( called armati by the Romans ).
In Valerio Massimo Manfredi's The Last Legion, Aurelianus ( here called " Aurelianus Ambrosius Ventidius ") is a major character and is shown as one of the last loyal Romans, going to enormous lengths for his boy emperor Romulus Augustus, whose power has been wrested by the barbarian Odoacer.
In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.
Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egypt's animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive ( Anubis was known to be mockingly called " Barker " by the Greeks ), Anubis was sometimes associated with Sirius in the heavens, and Cerberus in Hades.
The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that the Romans called Batavia and that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD.
There was also a similar belt worn by the Romans, particularly by soldiers, called a cintus ( pl.
The design and fabrication of the pugio was taken directly from Iberian daggers and short swords ; the Romans even adopted the triangular-bladed Iberian dagger, which they called the parazonium.
After the capture of Constantinople ( also called the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453, the Ottoman sultan's also styled themselves Kaysar-i Rum ( Emperor of the Romans ) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman empire by right of conquest.
Romans used green holly and evergreen as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia, which eventually evolved into a Christmas celebration.
The giraffe was also known to the Greeks and Romans, who believed that it was an unnatural hybrid of a camel and a leopard and called it camelopardalis.
When Augustus founded the Roman Empire, the Mediterranean sea began to be called Mare Nostrum ( Latin: " Our Sea ") by the Romans.
The symbol was called " bayt ", " bet " or " beth " in various related languages, and became beta, the Greek letter, before it was used by the Romans.
By 64 BC, Julius Caesar's legions had established their occupation, and the Romans had thus unified all three regions of Libya ( Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and northern Fezzan ) in one single new province called Africa proconsularis ( later Cyrenaica was separated administratively ).
His sandals, called pédila by the Greeks and talaria by the Romans were made of palm and myrtle branches, but were described as beautiful, golden and immortal, made a sublime art, able to take the roads with the speed of wind.
The Greeks and Romans introduced the origins of health and life insurance c. 600 BCE when they created guilds called " benevolent societies " which cared for the families of deceased members, as well as paying funeral expenses of members.
The Greeks and Romans introduced burial insurance circa 600 AD when they organized guilds called " benevolent societies " which cared for the surviving families and paid funeral expenses of members upon death.
The tradition that the Island was called Caesarea by the Romans appears to have no basis in fact.
It has been documented in historical accounts Celtic tribes wore trousers, which the Romans called bracae, as did many other neighboring peoples to the Romans.
But the Romans could also relax and allow what Horace called the " Italian vinegar " in their systems to pour forth in wit and satire.
The Romans called the lake Lacus Pelso (" Lake Pelso ").
Romans and territory
After a series of wars they were decisively beaten by the Romans in a battle near Mutina ( Modena ) and their territory became part of the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul.
The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.
This does not mean that its utility could be underestimated, though, as its strategic role in scouting, skirmishing, and outpost duties was crucial to the Romans ' capability to conduct operations over long distances in hostile or unfamiliar territory.
Its location is remarkable as the Aventine is situated outside the pomerium, i. e. original territory of the city, in order to comply with the tradition that Diana was a goddess common to all Latins and not exclusively of the Romans.
This was the high water mark of Roman territory in Britain: shortly after his victory, Agricola was recalled from Britain back to Rome, and the Romans retired to a more defensible line along the Forth-Clyde isthmus, freeing soldiers badly needed along other frontiers.
Romans first came to the territory around the mid 2nd century BC.
The first area colonized by the Lusitani was probably the Douro valley and the region of Beira Alta ( present day Portugal ); in Beira, they stayed until they defeated the Celtici and other tribes, then they expanded to cover a territory that reached Estremadura before the arrival of the Romans.
Rivalry between him and Arminius, the Cheruscan leader who inflicted the devastating defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest on the Romans under Publius Quinctilius Varus in 9 AD, prevented a concerted attack on Roman territory across the Rhine in the north ( by Arminius ) and in the Danube basin in the south ( by Maroboduus ).
The modern Portuguese nation is a very old amalgam of formerly distinct historical populations that passed through and settled in the territory of modern Portugal: native Iberian peoples, Celts, ancient Mediterraneans ( Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans, Jews ), invading Germanic peoples like the Suebi and the Visigoths, and Muslim Arabs and Berbers.
Terence's ethnonym Afer suggests he lived in the territory of the Libyan tribe called by the Romans Afri near Carthage prior to being brought to Rome as a slave.
At the time, the Ostrogoths were settled in Byzantine territory as foederati ( allies ) of the Romans, but were becoming restless and increasingly difficult for Zeno to manage.
Believing that Caesar would be distracted by the turmoil in Rome following the death of Publius Clodius Pulcher, the Carnutes, under Cotuatus and Conetodunus, made the first move, slaughtering the Romans who had settled in their territory.
* The Romans create a buffer state in the territory of the Quadi in southern Slovakia.
Rome was founded within or adjacent to Etruscan territory, and there is considerable evidence that early Rome was dominated by Etruscans until the Romans sacked Veii in 396 BC.
Varus decided to quell this uprising immediately and take a detour through territory unfamiliar to the Romans.
On other occasions, he refers only to that territory inhabited by the Celtic peoples known to the Romans as Gauls, from the English Channel to Lugdunum ( Lyon ).
After his final defeat he fled to the territory of Queen Cartimandua, who captured him and handed him over to the Romans.
Ιν 268, τhe Alamanni, who had been making incursions into Roman territory since the reign of Marcus Aurelius, had broken through the Roman frontier at the Danube and crossed the Alps, when the power struggles around Mediolanum ( Aureolus ' revolt, murder of Gallienus, confrontation between Aureolus and Claudius ) forced the Romans to denude the frontier of troops.
The Goths were also watching the Romans, and on 8 August Fritigern sent an emissary to propose a peace and an alliance in exchange for some Roman territory.
* For assisting the Romans in defeating Antiochus III, Eumenes II of Pergamum is rewarded with a great increase in territory.
The Aetolians, Sparta and King Attalus of Pergamum join the Romans in the war against Philip V. This coalition is so strong that Philip V has to stop attacking Roman territory.
* Following the peace of Apamea, Eumenes II receives the provinces of Phrygia, Lydia, Lycia, Pisidia, and Pamphylia from his Roman allies, as the Romans have no desire to actually administer territory in Hellenistic Anatolia but want to see a strong, friendly state in Anatolia as a buffer zone against any possible Seleucid expansion in the future.
Around the 1st century BC, the territory became subject to the Romans.
* The town of Pisaurum is established by the Romans as a colony in the territory of the Piceni, a tribe living in the Marche on the Adriatic.
The Romans allow her to continue her reign but restrict her to a narrow region around the Illyrian capital, Shkodra, deprive her of all her other territory, and forbid her to sail an armed ship below Lissus just south of the capital.
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