The Romans, who are meanwhile moving south while the Samnites are occupied with Tarentum, take the opportunity to recover Neapolis and, after a long siege, evict the Samnite garrison from the city and make it an ally of Rome.

Hasdrubal, meanwhile, was under the impression that the Roman attack was only a skirmish ( Scipio had hidden his main army in camp until the final attack ), failed to properly deploy his main force, thus his ill-prepared army was caught on three sides by the Romans.

Anatolia has had many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hattians, Hurrians, Luwians, Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Urartians, Cimmerians, Carians, Scythians, Corduene, Armenians, Romans, Georgians, Circassians, Kurds, Seljuk Turks and Ottomans.

Hannibal may have crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region.

The Romans had a similar belief system about the afterlife, with Hades becoming known as Pluto.

Although Romans who had been adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form ( e. g. Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

According to legend, Castor and Pollux announced to one of their ancestors the victory of the Romans over the Latins at the battle of Lake Regillus, and, to confirm the truth of what they had just said, they stroked his black hair and beard, which immediately became red.

" a gentleman who, perhaps alone of the Romans, had survived the shock of this notable storm.

The declaration is notable since, according to Livy, it was the first time that the Romans had declared war by means of the rites of the fetials.

They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable-when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.

Saxon raids on the southern and eastern shores of England had been sufficiently alarming by the late 3rd century for the Romans to build the Saxon Shore forts, and subsequently to establish the role of the Count of the Saxon Shore to command the defence against these incursions.

Church, Ministry and Sacraments in the New Testament Paternoster Press: 1993, p. 94f </ ref > He also points out that when Ignatius writes to the Romans, there is no mention of a bishop of the Roman Church, " which we may suppose had not not yet adopted the monarchical episcopate.

Before Caesar's time they had attached themselves to the Romans, and were honoured with the title of brothers and kinsmen of the Roman people.

In February 1705, Queen Anne, who had made Marlborough a Duke in 1702, granted him the Park of Woodstock and promised a sum of £ 240, 000 to build a suitable house as a gift from a grateful crown in recognition of his victory – a victory which British historian Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy considered one of the pivotal battles in history, writing – " Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability.

The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.

As expected, the Bastarnae attacked the vanguard in force, only to find themselves entangled in the full-scale pitched battle with the Romans that they had tried to avoid.

According to Tacitus, they drew inspiration from the example of Arminius, the prince of the Cherusci who had driven the Romans out of Germany in AD 9, and their own ancestors who had driven Julius Caesar from Britain.

As the Romans advanced in a wedge formation, the Britons attempted to flee, but were impeded by the presence of their own families, whom they had stationed in a ring of wagons at the edge of the battlefield, and were slaughtered.

For example, he believed ( as most Romans ) that his ancestor Appius Claudius Caecus had used the censorship to introduce the letter " R " and so used his own term to introduce his new letters.

In 87, the Romans invaded Dacia once more, this time under the command of Tettius Julianus, and finally defeated Decebalus in late 88 at the same site where Fuscus had previously perished.

The Demiurge, fearing lest Jesus, whom he had intended as his Messiah, should spread the knowledge of the Supreme God, had him crucified by the Romans.

: The barbarians thought that Romans would not be able to cross it without a bridge, and consequently bivouacked in rather careless fashion on the opposite bank ; but he sent across a detachment of Germanic tribesmen, who were accustomed to swim easily in full armour across the most turbulent streams.

On the request of the Roman consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, sent to defend the Taurisci, they retreated, only to find themselves deceived and attacked at the Battle of Noreia, where they defeated the Romans.

* εγραφη η προς Ρωμαιους επιστολη δια Τερτιου επεμφτη δε δια Φοιβης απο Κορινθιων της εν Κεγχρεαις εκκλησιας (" the epistle to the Romans was written by Tertius and was sent by Phoebus from the Corinthians of the church in Cenchreae "): only in 337 ;

Publius Cornelius Scipio, the consul who commanded the Roman force sent to intercept Hannibal, and Scipio Africanus ' father, had not expected Hannibal to make an attempt to cross the Alps, since the Romans were prepared to fight the war in Iberia.

" To help Romans adjust to the idea of having an oriental priest as emperor, Julia Maesa had a painting of Elagabalus in priestly robes sent to Rome and hung over a statue of the goddess Victoria in the Senate House.

The Romans sent a garrison to secure Messina, so the outraged Carthaginians then lent aid to Syracuse.

His protector Ladislaus sent a squad of troops to quell the riots, and by January 1406 the Romans again acknowledged Papal temporal authority, and Innocent VII felt able to return.

In his letter to Rome, written at this time, he sent salutations from some of the principal members of the church to the Romans.

* Attila, age 12, is sent as child hostage to the court at Rome and in return, the Romans sent Flavius Aetius to the Huns.

The first invasion of Britain took place in 55 BC, after a rapid and successful initial conquest of Gaul, in part as an exploratory expedition to see the land across the sea, and more practically to try to put an end to the reinforcements sent across by the native Britons to fight the Romans in Gaul.

During the Second Punic War ( 218 – 202 BC ), the Veneti even sent a contingent of soldiers to fight alongside the Romans against Hannibal and the invading Carthaginians and Venetians were among those slaughtered at the Battle of Cannae ( 216 BC ).

The emperor Claudius sent the Romans into Britain in 43 A. D and they settled in Staines the same year.

Hippolytus ( AD 170 – 236 ), considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians, puts names to the seventy disciples whom Jesus sent forth in Luke 10, includes Aristobulus of Romans 16: 10 with Joseph, and states that he ended up becoming a pastor in Britain.

The Goths were also watching the Romans, and on 8 August Fritigern sent an emissary to propose a peace and an alliance in exchange for some Roman territory.

* With concerns rising in Rome over whether Philip V of Macedon is preparing for a new war with the Romans, Appius Claudius Pulcher is sent at the head of an embassy into Macedonia and Greece to observe Philip's activities.

He is assisted in his battle against Prusias II by Ariarathes V of Cappadocia ( who has sent his son Demetrius to command of his forces ) and by the Romans.

Given the display of imperial power Henry III had inflicted on the Romans in intervening against Pope Gregory VI and installing Clement II, it is not surprising that on Christmas Day of 1047, an emissary was sent by the Roman people bringing news of Clement II's death to Henry III and asking him, in his position as Patricius of the Romans, to appoint a successor.

During the First Jewish-Roman War of 66 – 73, he sent 2, 000 men, archers and cavalry, to support Vespasian, showing that, although a Jew in religion, he was entirely devoted to the Romans.

* Quintus Fabius Ambustus and two other Fabii are sent as ambassadors by Rome to a wandering tribe of Celts ( whom the Romans call Gauls ), under Brennus, who are advancing down the Tiber while the Celtic army is besieging Clusium.

Zeno sent Genseric a high-ranking officer as ambassador, Severus, who succeeded in stipulating an " eternal " peace between the Vandals and the Eastern Roman Empire, a peace which allowed the Romans to pay ransoms for the prisoners in Vandal hands and which ended the Vandal persecution of Orthodox Christians in the Vandal territory.

In an effort to collect money to pay the Romans, he sent his minister Heliodorus to Jerusalem to seize the Jewish temple treasury.

The Romans had anticipated this and sent some cohorts to defend their client queen.