Paul wrote that Jesus was " born of a woman, born under the law " and " as to his human nature was a descendant of David " in the Epistle to the Galatians and the Epistle to the Romans.

Those who see biblical support for the doctrine of natural law often point to Paul's Epistle to the Romans: " For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves: Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another.

The Greek gods become Romans and Greek philosophy in one way or another turns into Roman law e. g. Stoicism.

Maybe the Greeks were chosen for their unique contributions to art and philosophy, the Romans for their pioneering services in law and government, the British for bringing parliamentary rule into the world, and the Americans for piloting democracy in a pluralistic society.

Pilate authorized the Jewish leaders to judge Jesus according to their own law and execute sentencing ; however, the Jewish leaders replied that they were not allowed by the Romans to carry out a sentence of death ().

While this precise terminology —" by faith alone "— does not appear in English Bible translations other than in where it has been claimed that the author seems to reject the notion that a person is justified by God solely on account of faith, other Catholic authorities also used " alone " in their translation of Romans 3: 28 or exegesis of salvation by faith passages, and it is claimed to summarize the teaching of the New Testament, and especially the Pauline epistles such as, which systematically reject the proposition that justification before God is obtained due to the merit of one's obedience to the Law of Moses ( see also Biblical law in Christianity ), or Abraham's circumcision and works.

And especially Paul's words in Romans, " Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.

* Romans 3: 28: " Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.

( Romans 8: 4 ) The Mosaic law and the principles of the Gospel ( such as the Sermon on the Mount and the Last Judgment of Matthew 25 ) are seen as being in correspondence, with the latter fulfilling, clarifying, and expanding on the former, centering on God's love for us, and love to others.

Thus a Protestant believer can claim that " the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good ," ( Romans 7: 12 ) harmonizing the two principles of the same Bible.

In Emperor Theodosius's edict De fide catholica of 27 February 380, enacted in Thessalonica and published in Constantinople for the whole empire, by which he established Catholic Christianity as the official religion of the empire, he referred to Damasus as a pontifex, while calling Peter an episcopus: "... the profession of that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria ... We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians ..." Some see in this an implied significant differentiation, but the title pontifex maximus is not used in the text ; pontifex is used instead: "... quamque pontificem damasum sequi claret et petrum alexandriae episcopum ..." ( Theodosian Code XVI. 1. 2 ; and Sozomen, " Ecclesiastical History ", VII, iv.

Plutarch suggests that he played on superstition to give himself an aura of awe and divine allure, in order to cultivate more gentle behaviours among the warlike early Romans, such as honoring the gods, abiding by law, behaving humanely to enemies, and living proper, respectable lives.

The Egyptian law preserved the rights of women who were allowed to act independently of men and own substantial personal property and in time this influenced the more restrictive conventions of the Greeks and Romans.

* Romans 8: 7-8: " For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to God's law ; indeed, it cannot.

The Romans also supported humane treatment of the mentally ill, and to support such codified into law the principle of insanity as a mitigation of responsibility for criminal acts, although the criterion for insanity was sharply set as the defendant had to be found " non compos mentis ", a term meaning with " no power of mind ".

Maybe the Greeks were chosen for their unique contributions to art and philosophy, the Romans for their pioneering services in law and government, the British for bringing parliamentary rule into the world, and the Americans for piloting democracy in a pluralistic society.

The Romans elected the young but popular Scipio Aemilianus as consul, a special law being passed to lift the age restriction.

For Paul, in Romans chapter 2, the " natural law " is contrasted with the Mosaic Law posited on Mount Sinai in that the Jewish Nation possessed the latter while the Gentile Nations lacked the Law of Moses but possessed the former in virtue of knowing ( some of its central commandments ) and obeying it ( partially ) " by nature.

However in 449 BC, a statute of an Assembly was passed which gave Plebiscites the full force of law over all Romans ( Plebeians and Patricians ).

The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans ; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

The name is also applied to several military units employed by the Romans that were originally raised among the Batavi.

In AD 295 incest was explicitly forbidden by an imperial edict, which divided the concept of incestus into two categories of unequal gravity: the incestus iuris gentium, which was applied to both Romans and non-Romans in the Empire, and the incestus iuris civilis, which concerned only Roman citizens.

Ancient Romans originally applied orca ( plural orcae ) to these animals, possibly borrowing it from the Greek, which referred ( among other things ) to a whale species.

They are rather derived from the Germanic term walha, " foreigner, Romanized person ", an exonym applied by Germanic speakers to Celts, likely via a Latinization of Frankish * Walholant " Gaul ", literally " Land of the Foreigners / Romans ", making it partially cognate with the names Wales and Wallachia ), the usual word for the non-Germanic-speaking peoples ( Celtic-speaking and Latin-speaking indiscriminately ).

Sicarii ( Latin plural of Sicarius ' dagger-men ' or later contract-killer, Hebrew סיקריקים ) is a term applied, in the decades immediately preceding the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, ( probably ) to an extremist splinter group of the Jewish Zealots, who attempted to expel the Romans and their partisans from Judea using concealed daggers ( sicae ).

Similarly, Aeneades ( Ancient Greek: ) was a patronymic from Aeneas, and applied as a surname to those who were believed to have been descended from him, such as Ascanius, Augustus, and the Romans in general.

The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener, topiarius, a creator of topia or " places ", a Greek word that Romans also applied to fictive indoor landscapes executed in fresco.

The Romans applied clerestories to basilicas of justice and to the basilica-like bath-houses and palaces.

Two thousand years ago, the Suebi or Suevi were an Elbe Germanic tribe whose origin was near the Baltic Sea, which was thus known to the Romans as the Mare Suebicum ( today, the term " Swabian Sea " is applied to Lake Constance ).

It is unclear however whether this design was applied to heavier warships, and although the Romans copied the Punic model for their quinqueremes, there is ample iconographic evidence of outrigger-equipped warships used until the late imperial period.

In the mid-first BCE Burebista organized a kingdom consisting of descendants of those whom the Greeks had called Getae, as well as Dacians, or Daci, the name applied to people of the region by the Romans.

During a modification of the original Valerian law in 449 BCE, plebiscites acquired the full force of law, and thus applied to all Romans.

He notes that customary and statutory law have co-existed through history, as when Roman law applied to Romans throughout the Roman Empire, but indigenous legal systems were permitted for non-Romans.

In the New Testament the word mystery is applied ordinarily to the sublime revelation of the Gospel ( Matthew 13: 11 ; Colossians 2: 2 ; 1 Timothy 3: 9 ; 1 Corinthians 15: 51 ), and to the Incarnation and life of the Saviour and his manifestation by the preaching of the Apostles ( Romans 16: 25 ; Ephesians 3: 4 ; 6: 19 ; Colossians 1: 26 ; 4: 3 ).

Scota, in Irish mythology, Scottish mythology, and pseudohistory, is the name given to two different mythological daughters of two different Egyptian Pharaohs to whom the Gaels traced their ancestry, allegedly explaining the name Scoti, applied by the Romans to Irish raiders, and later to the Irish invaders of Argyll and Caledonia which became known as Scotland.

It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it Boletus, a name now applied to a very different type of fungus.

One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire.

The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor.

Although Romans who had been adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form ( e. g. Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.

According to Romans 9 – 11, supporters claim, Jewish election as the chosen people ceased with their national rejection of Jesus as Messiah.

The Gauls were ambivalent in their policies toward the Romans.

They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east.

According to legend, Castor and Pollux announced to one of their ancestors the victory of the Romans over the Latins at the battle of Lake Regillus, and, to confirm the truth of what they had just said, they stroked his black hair and beard, which immediately became red.

Although most of the legions were lost, about 10, 000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion.

They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable-when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

Renaissance editors sometimes added AUC to Roman manuscripts they published, giving the false impression that the Romans usually numbered their years using the AUC system.

Later, under the Romans, cities in the empire often continued to issue their own coinage.

The native Britons, whose Christian church survived the departure of the Romans, earn Bede's ire for refusing to help convert the Saxons ; by the end of the Historia the English, and their Church, are dominant over the Britons.

The Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was killed in the action.

After a series of wars they were decisively beaten by the Romans in a battle near Mutina ( Modena ) and their territory became part of the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

According to Tacitus, they drew inspiration from the example of Arminius, the prince of the Cherusci who had driven the Romans out of Germany in AD 9, and their own ancestors who had driven Julius Caesar from Britain.

However, the lack of manoeuvrability of the British forces, combined with lack of open-field tactics to command these numbers, put them at a disadvantage to the Romans, who were skilled at open combat due to their superior equipment and discipline.

First, the Romans stood their ground and used volleys of pila ( heavy javelins ) to kill thousands of Britons who were rushing toward the Roman lines.

As the Romans advanced in a wedge formation, the Britons attempted to flee, but were impeded by the presence of their own families, whom they had stationed in a ring of wagons at the edge of the battlefield, and were slaughtered.

Zonaras vividly narrates how " he and his son and a large number of Romans fell into the marshland ; all of them perished there, none of their bodies to be found, as they were covered by the mud.

The Romans first codified their constitution in 450 BC as the Twelve Tables.

Uldin, a prince of the Huns, appeared on the Danube about this time and advanced into Thrace, but he was deserted by many of his followers, who joined with the Romans in driving their king back north of the river.