Russian abacus

) The Russian abacus is often used vertically, with wires from left to right in the manner of a book.

As a simple, cheap and reliable device, the Russian abacus was in use in all shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, and the usage of it was taught in most schools until the 1990s.

Russian abacus began to lose popularity only after the mass production of microcalculators had started in the Soviet Union in 1974.

The Russian abacus was brought to France around 1820 by the mathematician Jean-Victor Poncelet, who served in Napoleon's army and had been a prisoner of war in Russia.

In Western countries, a bead frame similar to the Russian abacus but with straight wires and a vertical frame has been common ( see image ).

* Alien ( shipping company ), a Russian company

* Adrian of Ondrusov ( died 1549 ), Russian Orthodox saint and wonder-worker

* Adrian of Poshekhonye ( died 1550 ), Russian Orthodox saint, hegumen of Dormition monastery in Yaroslavl region

( 2004 ), two out of a sample of sixteen ( or 12. 5 %) Ainu men have been found to belong to Haplogroup C3, which is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup among the indigenous populations of the Russian Far East and Mongolia.

Alexei Petrovich Romanov () ( – ), was a Russian Tsarevich.

* Alexius Petrovich ( 1690-1718 ), Russian tsarevich

* Alexius ( c. 1425-1488 ), Russian archpriest who converted to Judaism

The accusative case existed in Proto-Indo-European and is present in some Indo-European languages ( including Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, German, Polish, Swedish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian ), in the Uralic languages, in Altaic languages, and in Semitic languages ( such as Classical Arabic ).

Modern weapons include the Russian ZSU-23-4 Shilka and Tunguska-M1, South Korean K30 Biho and K263A1 radar-guided Vulcan, Chinese Type 95 SPAAA, Swedish CV9040 AAV, Polish PZA Loara, American M6 Bradley Linebacker and M1097 Humvee Avenger, Yugoslavian BOV-3, Canadian ADATS, aging German Gepard, Japanese Type 87 SPAAG and similar versions with the British Marksman turret ( which was also adapted for a number of other users ), Italian SIDAM 25 and Otomatic, and versions of the French AMX-13.

* Aleksandra von Engelhardt ( 1754 – 1838 ), Russian lady-in-waiting

* Alexandra Kollontai ( 1872 – 1952 ), Russian politician

* Alexandra Panova ( born 1989 ), Russian tennis player

* Alexandra Shiryayeva ( born 1983 ), Russian beach volleyball player

In the 1820s, the Russian-American Company, which administered a large portion of the North Pacific during a Russian led expansion of the fur trade, resettled many families to the Commander Islands ( currently, within the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia ) and to the Pribilof Islands ( currently in Alaska ), where there are currently established majority Aleut communities.

* Vympel R-33 ( AA-9 Amos ), the Russian air-to-air missile most similar to the AIM-54 Phoenix

Deeply involved in the future of the Jews in the former Soviet Union, Steinsaltz serves as the region's Duchovny Ravin ( Spiritual Rabbi ), a historic Russian title which indicates that he is the spiritual mentor of Russian Jewry.

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

It was in this reign that an important change in the government of the Danubian Principalities was introduced: previously, the Porte had appointed Hospodars, usually native Moldavian and Wallachian boyars, to administer those provinces ; after the Russian campaign of 1711, during which Peter the Great found an ally in Moldavia Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, the Porte began overtly deputizing Phanariote Greeks in that region, and extended the system to Wallachia after Prince Stefan Cantacuzino established links with Eugene of Savoy.

* White Russian, which adds a dairy ingredient ( usually cream ) to the drink

In Slavic languages, / l, r / as syllabic nuclei are usually the result of the disappearance of,, or ( contrast for example the Russian cognates for vlk and smrt, ' volk ' and ' sm < nowiki >'</ nowiki > ert < nowiki >'</ nowiki >').

For example, the Russian letters Ъ and Ь ( which in writing are only used for modifying the preceding consonant ), and usually also Ы, Й and Ё, are usually omitted.

In Russian, this letter is usually replaced in print by е, although it has a different pronunciation.

Kaye usually played a manic, dark-haired, fast-talking Russian in these low-budget shorts, opposite young hopefuls June Allyson or Imogene Coca.

In languages other than English and Russian, figure skating is usually referred to by a name that translates as " artistic skating ".

The word Gulag was not often used in Russian — either officially or colloquially ; the predominant terms were the camps () and the zone (), usually singular — for the labor camp system and for the individual camps.

Both Syrian and Russian hamsters mature quickly and can begin reproducing at a young age ( 4 – 5 wk ), whereas Chinese hamsters will usually begin reproducing at two to three months of age, and Roborovskis at three to four months of age.

Stalin preferred Georgian wine over Russian vodka, but usually ate traditional Russian food.

Church services are conducted predominantly in the Russian language, men and women sit apart, and services are usually quite active – comparable to Pentecostal activities.

These phonemes are contrasting in stressed syllables, but in unstressed syllables the contrast is lost, since both are reduced to the same sound, usually ( for details, see Vowel reduction in Russian ).

In probability theory, the probability P of some event E, denoted, is usually defined in such a way that P satisfies the Kolmogorov axioms, named after the famous Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov, which are described below.

If a pectoral cross has been awarded it is usually worn with street clothes in the Russian tradition, but not so often in the Greek tradition.

In Russian, it is usually called бе ́ лый медве ́ дь ( bélyj medvédj, the white bear ), though an older word still in use is ошку ́ й ( Oshkúj, which comes from the Komi oski, " bear ").

Kim ( 1901 ) by Rudyard Kipling concerns the Anglo – Russian Great Game of imperial and geopolitical rivalry and strategic warfare for supremacy in Central Asia, usually in Afghanistan.

After the successful Russian Revolution ( 1917 ), the quality of spy fiction declined, because the Bolshevik enemy had won the Russian Civil War ( 1917 – 23 ); thus, the inter-war spy story usually concerns combating the Red Menace, which was then perceived as another " clash of civilizations ".

Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (;, Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev, ; 19 August 1929 ), usually referred to outside of Russia as Serge, was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes, from which many famous dancers and choreographers would arise.

In the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, and United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, as well as in all branches of the British Armed Forces, Polish Armed Forces, Canadian Forces, Turkish Armed Forces, Swedish Armed Forces, Norwegian Armed Forces, and Hellenic Armed Forces, Russian and all former Soviet republic forces, hand salutes are only given when a cover ( protection for the head, usually a hat ) is worn.

A prayer rope ( Greek: κομποσκοίνι, Russian: чётки, Romanian: mătănii, Macedonian and Serbian: бројаница / brojanica, Bulgarian: броеница ) is a loop made up of complex knots, usually out of wool or silk.

On 20 December 1917, the Council of People's Commissars officially established the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counter-revolution and Sabotage — usually known as the Cheka ( based on the Russian acronym ВЧК ).