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The Saxon dukes, however, continued to rule central Holstein, and when Lothair of Supplinburg became duke of Saxony ( 1106 ), on the extinction of the Billung line, he enfeoofed Lord Adolphus of Schauenburg with the County of Holstein, as a Saxon subfief, becoming Adolphus I, Count of Holstein with the Saxon, later Lower Saxon dukes as liege lords.
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Saxon and dukes
He urged the separation of the High Lutheran party from Melanchthon ( 1557 ), got the Saxon dukes to oppose the Frankfurt Recess ( 1558 ) and continued to fight for the purity of Lutheran doctrine.
In the middle of the 10th century, when the Saxon dukes of the House of Liudolfing had also become German kings, King Otto the Great entrusted more and more of his ducal authority to Hermann Billung.
An allusion to the conversion of the Saxons to Christianity under Charlemagne brings him to the early Saxon dukes and details of the reign of Henry the Fowler.
The Saxon dukes had traditionally been called " champions of the Reformation.
Among the installed dukes were already nobles of Saxon descent, like Wala's successor Count Ekbert, husband of Saint Ida of Herzfeld, a close relative of Charlemagne.
The last document, mentioning the joint government of Albert II with his nephews as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295.
In the course of the 12th century, the non-Christian Pomeranians faced continuous pressure from their expanding Christian neighbours Denmark, Poland, and the Saxon dukes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Elimar's ancestors appear as vassals, though sometimes rebellious ones, of the dukes of Saxony ; but they attained the dignity of princes of the empire when the emperor Frederick I dismembered the Saxon duchy in 1180.
The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors ( Kurfürsten ) and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years.
The Saxon Northern March was lost in the Great Slav Rising of 983, and not before 1147 the Saxon count Albert the Bear again invaded the lands on the Oder river, which remained disputed between the newly established Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Pomeranian dukes.
Wittenberg declined after 1547, when Dresden, residence of the Albertine dukes, replaced it as the Saxon capital.
The area was named as the Land of Darzing, when the co-ruling Saxon dukes Albert II and his nephews Albert III, Eric I and John II partitioned Saxony into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg before 20 September 1296.
The coat-or-arms combines the coats of arms of the Saxon and Saxe-Lauenburgian dukes of the House of Ascania, a barry of ten in sable and or with a crancelin bendwise, the Saxon horse of modern Lower Saxony ( also used by the pre-1180 Duchy of Saxony ) and an image of the former Neuhaus Castle.
The Saxon tradition was perpetuated by the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, who secured for themselves the electoral dignity and later established the Electorate of Saxony on the upper Elbe.
Saxon and however
The Saxon occupation of Friesland, however, was by no means secure and was the source of constant revolts in that province.
It is, however, highly probable that when the bulk of the Lombards migrated, a considerable part remained behind and afterwards became absorbed by the Saxon tribes in the region, while the emigrants alone retained the name of Lombards.
The lower classes, however, revolted against Frankish overlordship in favour of their old paganism as late as the 840s, when the Stellinga rose up against the Saxon leadership, who were allied with the Frankish emperor Lothair I.
To withstand Saxon overlordship Wenceslaus ' father Vratislaus had forged an alliance with the Bavarian duke Arnulf the Bad, then a fierce opponent of King Henry ; however, it became worthless when Arnulf and Henry reconciled at Regensburg in 921.
The first appearance of Christianity in Mercia, however, had come at least thirty years earlier, following the Battle of Cirencester of 628, when Penda incorporated the formerly West Saxon territories of Hwicce into his kingdom.
The Chronicle was a West Saxon production, however, and is sometimes thought to be biased in favour of Wessex ; hence it may not accurately convey the extent of power achieved by Offa, a Mercian.
This replacement is, however, incomplete: the Old English genitive "- es " survives in the modern Saxon genitive — it is now called the " possessive ": e. g., the form " dog's " for the longer " of the dog ".
The burg element is Anglo-Saxon and could refer either to a fortified place such as a burh or, more likely, a monastic enclosure, however the Glestinga element is obscure, and may derive from an Old English word or from a Saxon or Celtic personal name.
Some also would say that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle proves that Cerdic was indeed a Saxon, however it does not prove that he had no Celtic blood.
The Chronicle was a West Saxon production, however, and is sometimes thought to be biased in favour of Wessex.
West Saxon occupation of the area did not last long, however, and may have ended as early as 584, the date of the battle of Fethanleag, according to the A. S. C., in which Cutha was killed and Ceawlin returned home in anger, and certainly by 603 when, according to Bede, Saint Augustine attended a conference of Welsh bishops " at St. Augustine's Oak on the borders of the Hwicce and the West Saxons ".
By the end of Ine's reign the kingdoms of Kent, Sussex and Essex were no longer under West Saxon domination ; however, Ine maintained control of what is now Hampshire, and consolidated and extended Wessex's territory in the western peninsula.
He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's counties, and this power inevitably drew the Székely and Saxon territories into his sphere of influence however these territories were governed by counts who were nominally independent of the voivode.
As early as the year 1000, however, Emperor Otto III permitted the entire part lying on the eastern boundary of Thuringia to be administered by imperial vogts, or bailiffs ( advocati imperii ), whence this territory received the name of Vogtland ( Terra advocatorum ), a designation that has remained to this day a geographical summary for Reuss, especially that part on the Saxon borders.
In Arthur Rex, however, Galahad is killed in a battle where he mistakes his own father Lancelot for a Saxon.
The first record of a placename that resembles the present name of the mountain goes back, however, to the year 1176 when it is referred to as broke in the Saxon World Chronicle ( Sächsischen Weltchronik ).
The modern terms huissier de justice ( in French ) or gerechtsdeurwaarder ( in Dutch ) however, are usually translated into English as bailiff, though the latter under an Anglo Saxon law system is not identical to the former who is typical for many countries influenced by the Napoleonic Code.
In Holstein-Pinneberg, however, the emperor remained only the indirect overlord with the Lower Saxon Duke John V being the immediate liege lord.
Traditionally, Christian names were those of Biblical figures or recognised saints ; however, in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era, other Anglo Saxon and mythical names enjoyed something of a fashion among the literati.
It was however open to members of the Saxon community, and Iorga himself created a new government position for ethnic minority affairs.
There are some however that argue the original name refers to the Anglo Saxon man's name Huhha rather than the French Hugh.
Saxon and continued
The Ascanian dynasties in the two Saxon states became extinct in 1689 and in 1422, respectively, but Ascanians continued to rule in the smaller state of Anhalt and its various subdivisions until monarchy was abolished in 1918.
The 8th Century English historian Bede disagrees with Gildas, and states that the Saxon invasions continued after the battle of Mons Badonicus, including also Jutish and Anglic expeditions, resulting in a swift overrunning of the entirety of South-Eastern Britain, and the foundation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
The Saxon nobility continued to resist the Archdiocese of Magdeburg located along the Empire's eastern border.
Hereford became the seat of Putta, Bishop of Hereford, some time between AD 676 and 688, after which the settlement continued to grow due to its proximity to the border between Mercia and Wales, becoming the Saxon capital of West Mercia by the beginning of the 8th century.
It is thought that the Æellingi ( the South Saxon royal house ) continued to govern Sussex as eorldermen ( earls ) under West Saxon sovereignty until the Norman Conquest in 1066.
While there are no historical sources to inform us one way or the other, it is likely that the Chauci continued their raiding until they were replaced by Frankish and Saxon raiders in the 3rd century.
During the 18th century Wakefield continued to develop through trade in corn, coal mining and textiles and in 1888 its parish church, with Saxon origins, acquired cathedral status.
Saxon uprisings continued until 804, when the whole stem duchy had been incorporated into the Carolingian Empire.
This duchy continued to use the old Saxon coat-of-arms showing the Saxon Steed in argent on gules, while the Ascanians adopted for the younger Duchy of Saxony their family colours, a barry of ten, in sable and or, covered by a crancelin of rhombs bendwise in vert, symbolising the Saxon dukedom.
This constitution continued to serve as the basis of the Saxon government until 1918.
However, Cornwall showed a very different type of settlement pattern to that of Wessex and places continued, even after 1066, to be named in the Celtic Cornish tradition with Saxon architecture being uncommon in Cornwall.
The Saxon towns continued to develop even in the years of upheaval.
Charles ' main Saxon opponent, Widukind, accepted baptism in 785 as part of a peace agreement, but other Saxon leaders continued to fight.
After the passing of the Socialist Law he continued to show great activity in the debates of the Reichstag, and was also elected a member of the Saxon parliament ; when the state of siege was proclaimed in Leipzig he was expelled from the city, and in 1886 condemned to nine months ' imprisonment for taking part in a secret society.
He continued his policy of convergence with the Empire by marrying Oda, the daughter of the Saxon margrave Dietrich of Haldensleben, in 978 and by marrying his son Bolesław I to a daughter of Margrave Rikdag of Meissen.
Saxon continued to use the name " The Seeds ", using various backup musicians, at least through 1972 ; the last major-label records of new material by The Seeds — two non-charting singles on MGM records — were released in 1970.
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