As of 2002, 50 % of Parties lacked one or more of the four major requirements for a Party: designation of Management and Scientific Authorities ; laws prohibiting the trade in violation of CITES ; penalties for such trade ; laws providing for the confiscation of specimens.

Each Party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administering the licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities to provide advice about the effects of any proposed trade on the status of the species.

Suggestions for improvement in the operation of CITES include: more regular missions by the Secretariat ( not reserved just for high profile species ); improvement of national legislation and enforcement ; better reporting by Parties ( and the consolidation of information from all sources-NGOs, TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network and Parties ); more emphasis on enforcement-including a technical committee enforcement officer ; the development of CITES Action Plans ( akin to Biodiversity Action Plans related to the Convention on Biological Diversity ) including: designation of Scientific / Management Authorities and national enforcement strategies ; incentives for reporting and timelines for both Action Plans and reporting.

Examples include Henry R. Towne's Science of management in the 1890s, Frederick Winslow Taylor's The Principles of Scientific Management ( 1911 ), Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's Applied motion study ( 1917 ), and Henry L. Gantt's charts ( 1910s ).

Taylor's method, which he dubbed " Scientific Management ," broke tasks down into smaller components.

Another influence was the “ Scientific Management ” movement, often associated with Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Taylor and Maunsel White, with a team of assistants, applied a series of management principles established by Taylor and that later would be known as Scientific Management to increase mass production.

His focus on the human component of production eventually became Scientific Management, while the focus on the machine component led to his famous metalcutting and materials innovations.

In 1910, due to the Eastern Rate Case, Frederick Winslow Taylor and his Scientific Management methodologies become famous worldwide.

In 1911, Taylor introduces The Principles of Scientific Management paper to the American mechanical engineering society ( 8 years after his Shop Management paper ).

In his Principles of Scientific Management, ( 1911 ), Taylor said: " And whenever a workman proposes an improvement, it should be the policy of the management to make a careful analysis of the new method, and if necessary conduct a series of experiments to determine accurately the relative merit of the new suggestion and of the old standard.

Shigeo Shingo, the best-known exponent of single minute exchange of die ( SMED ) and error-proofing or poka-yoke, cites Principles of Scientific Management as his inspiration.

However, the conventional depiction of the Human Relations ' school ' of management rising out of the ashes of Scientific Management is argued to be a rhetorical distortion of events.

His books Shop Management and The Principles of Scientific Management remain classic monographs in the field.

* The former site of Boxly, the estate of Frederick Winslow Taylor, where Taylor often received the business-management pilgrims who came to meet the " Father of Scientific Management ".

Frederick Winslow Taylor ’ s 1911 book, Principles of Scientific Management, argued that there was a single best way to perform any given work task.

Llewellyn J. Evans Distinguished Scientific, Engineering and Management Award 1994.

* March – May-A serialized version of Frederick Winslow Taylor's monograph, The Principles of Scientific Management appears in The American Magazine, boosting the efficiency movement.

The core ideas of scientific management were developed by Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his monographs A Piece Rate System ( 1895 ), Shop Management ( 1903 ) and The Principles of Scientific Management ( 1911 ).

* Bennett, Gary W., Ph. d., Owens, John M., Ph. d., Corrigan, Robert M, Ph. d. Truman's Scientific Guide to Pest Management Operations, 6th Edition, pages 10, 11, 12, Purdue University, Questex, 2005.

Frederick Taylor ( 1856-1915 ), another prominent scholar in the field of administration and management also published a book entitled ‘ The Principles of Scientific Management ’ ( 1911 ).

' In 1989, Jerry Mahlman ( a proponent of anthropogenic global warming theory ) used the phrase ' noisy junk science ' in reference to the alternative theory of global warming due to solar variation presented in Scientific Perspectives on the Greenhouse Problem by Frederick Seitz et al.

A paradigm shift ( or revolutionary science ) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( 1962 ), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science.

Scientific theories are the most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge, in contrast to more common uses of the word " theory " that imply that something is unproven or speculative.

Scientific discoveries, such as the theory of relativity and quantum physics, drastically changed the worldview of scientists, causing them to realize that the universe was fantastically more complex than previously believed, and dashing the strong hopes at the end of the 19th century that the last few details of scientific knowledge were about to be filled in.

* The Economist Has No Clothes – essay by Robert Nadeau in Scientific American on the basic assumptions behind current economic theory

Although the theory has been codified into both the State and Party constitutions alongside Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, its actual effect has yet to be assessed, and it seems to be losing ground to Hu Jintao's Scientific Development Concept and Harmonious Society ideologies within the party.

# REDIRECT Scientific theory

Influenced by Thomas Kuhn ’ s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( 1962 ), Ritzer has long advocated the view that social theory is improved by systematic, comparative and reflexive attention to implicit conceptual structures and oft-hidden assumptions.

Scientific knowledge outside a named theory can still have a high level of certainty, depending on the amount of evidence supporting it.

simple: Scientific theory

Scientific evidence is evidence which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.

" The synthesis and the synthetic theory " in Integrating Scientific Disciplines, edited by W. Bechtel and Nijhoff.

– S / M – sacred prostitution – Marquis de Sade – sadism – sadist – sadomasochism – sadomasochistic sacrifice – safe sex – safe, sane and consensual – safer sex – safeword – saliromania – salirophilia – salpingectomy – salpingitis – same-sex marriage – same-sex partnership – sanitary napkin – sanitary pad – sanitary towel – sanky-panky – sapphic – sapphism – saptha padhi – Sarcoptes scabiei – satan worship – satyr – satyriasis – saucy seaside postcard-sausage party – scabies – scarfing – scarification – scat – scatology – scatophilia – scene ( BDSM ) – scopophilia – scoptolagnia – scoptophilia – scratching ( sexology ) – Screw magazine – scrotal inflation – scrotal infusion – scrotal piercing – scrotal stretching – scrotum – scuba fetishism – second skin – secondary sex characteristic – secondary virginity – secret vice – secular law – seduction – see-through clothing – self-abuse – self-bondage – self-isolation – semen – semen allergy – semen swapping – semen-loss anxiety – semen-loss syndrome – semeniferous tubules – seminal colliculus – seminal plasma – seminal plasma hypersensitivity – seminal vesicle – seminiferous tubules – sensate focus – sensate focus exercises – sensate focusing – sensation play ( BDSM ) – sensory compensation – sensory deprivation – sensory enhancement – sensory overload – sensuality – separatist feminism – septa of testis – septum of the penis – seraglio – serendipitous – serial killing – serial monogamy – seronegative – seropositive – serosorting – serotonin – serous tumor – Sertoli cell – Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor – service-oriented – session wrestler – seven-year itch – sex – sex act – sex addict – sex addiction – sex adjunctive – sex adventitious – sex aid – sex allergy – sex assignment – sex boutique – sex change – sex chromatin – sex client – sex club – sex coaching – sex compulsion – sex cord-stromal tumor – sex crime – sex derivative – sex diet – sex doll – sex drive – sex education – sex flush – sex game – sex hormone – sex hormone binding globulin – sex hotel – sex hotline – sex industry-sex in space – sex irreducible – sex machine – sex magic – sex magick – sex manual – sex museum – sex nexus – sex object – sex of rearing – sex offender – sex parties – sex position – sex reassignment ( disambiguation ) – sex reassignment surgery – sex reassignment surgery female-to-male – sex reassignment surgery male-to-female – sex restaurant – sex ring – sex role – sex scandal – sex shop – sex show – sex steroid – sex strike – sex surrogate – sex symbol – sex tape – sex therapist – sex therapy – sex tourism – sex toy – sex traffic – sex trafficking – sex urge – sex with your ex – sex worker – sex-contact magazine – sex-determining system – sex-hormone therapy – sex-positive – sex-positive feminism – Sexaholics Anonymous – sexercise – sexism – sexless marriage – Sexmuseum – sexological education – sexologist – sexology – sexosophy – sexploitation – sexsomnia-sexting – sexual aberration – sexual abstinence – sexual abuse – sexual acronyms – sexual act – sexual activities – sexual addiction – sexual anatomy – sexual anomalies – sexual arousal – sexual assault – sexual attraction – sexual availability – Sexual Behavior in the Human Female – Sexual Behavior in the Human Male – sexual bondage – sexual characteristics ( disambiguation ) – sexual child abuse – sexual compulsion – Sexual Compulsives Anonymous – sexual confidence – sexual congress – sexual continence – sexual desire – sexual development – sexual deviancy -- sexual deviant – sexual deviation – sexual differentiation – sexual dimorphism – sexual dissatisfaction – sexual drive – sexual dysfunction – sexual equality – sexual ethics – sexual ethnology – sexual exploitation – sexual fantasy – sexual fetish – sexual fetishism – sexual fetishist – sexual fidelity – sexual flush – Sexual Freedom Coalition – sexual frequency – sexual frustration – sexual game – sexual harassment – sexual health – sexual health clinic – sexual history – sexual inadequacy – sexual identity – sexual intercourse – sexual intimacy – sexual inversion – sexual jealousy – sexual liberation – sexual lubricant – sexual malfunction – sexual maturation – sexual maturity – sexual medicine – sexual misconduct – sexual morality – sexual mores – sexual network – sexual norm – sexual orientation – Sexual orientation and Wicca – Sexual orientation change efforts – Sexual Identity Therapy – sexual outlet – sexual partner – sexual perversion – sexual perversity – sexual politics – sexual predator – sexual problem – sexual prop – sexual prowess – sexual reassignment surgery – sexual rehearsal play – sexual revolution – sexual ritual – sexual roleplaying – sexual sadism – sexual script – sexual slang – sexual slavery – sexual stimulation – sexual surrogate – sexual tension – sexual trophy – sexual violence – sexuality – sexuality education – sexuality in older age – Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States – obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexuality – sexually active – sexually dimorphic nucleus – sexually transmissible disease – sexually transmitted disease – sexually violent predator – sexuoerotic – sexuoerotic tragedy – sexuoerotic body image fixation – sexuoeroticism – shaving ( sexology ) – shemale – shidduch – shim-pua marriage – shocker ( hand gesture ) – shoe dangling – shoe fetishism – shotacon – shotgun wedding – showers ( sexology ) – shunga – shyness – side entry missionary position – siderodromophilia – SIECUS – sigheh – significant other – Volkmar Sigusch – sildenafil citrate – Silver Ring Thing – Sin City ( description ) – sindoor – single – single mother – single parent – single status affidavit – singles bar – sinus ( disambiguation ) – sissy – sissy boy – sitophilia – situational child molester – situational sexual behaviour – sixty-nine – size queen – Skene's ducts – Skene's gland – Skene's glands – Skoptzy – slap and tickle-slapper – slapping ( BDSM ) – slave ( BDSM ) – sleep sex – sleeping princess syndrome – sleeping together – sleepsex – sling – sloppy seconds – slut – smegma – smoking fetishism – smotherbox – snapping pussy – snowballing – soapland – social distancing – social host liability-social vice – Society for Human Sexuality – Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality – sociobiological theories of rape – sodomy – sodomy law – soft butch – soft chancre – softcore pornography – soggy biscuit – soiree-soixante-neuf – solicitation – soliciting – solitary vice – sologamy – solosexuality – somatic – somatotropin – somesthetic – somnophilia – sororal polygyny – sororate marriage – sounding – spandex fetishism – spanking – Spartan pederasty – spay – spectrophilia – speculum – speed dating – sperm – sperm bank – sperm competition – sperm count – sperm donation – sperm donor – sperm motility – sperm sample – spermatic cord – spermatic duct – spermatid – spermatidogenesis – spermatocele – spermatocyte – spermatocytogenesis – spermatogenesis – spermatogonium – spermatophobia – spermatophore – spermatorrhea – spermatozoa – spermatozoon – spermicide – spermiogenesis – sphincter – spinnbarkeit – spinster – spin the bottle-spiritual marriage – spiritual wifery – spit roast ( sex ) – spitting fetishism – splanchnic nerves – splash conception – split beaver – splitting – sploshing – spoiled orgasm – spongy urethra – spoons position – spousal abuse – spreadeagle – squashing of the deckchair position – squeeze technique – stag party – stalking – standing sex position – stapling ( sexology ) – statutory rape – STD – STD clinic – STD testing – steatopygia – stem pessary – stereocilia ( epididymis ) – sterility – human sterilization ( surgical procedure ) – steroid hormones – STI – stigmatic / eligibilic paraphilia – stigmatophilia – stimulus-response theory – Stockholm syndrome – stocking fetishism – Stonewall riots – stop and go exercises – stop-start technique – Marie Stopes – Story of O – strangling ( sexology ) – strangulation – strap-on dildo – Street Offences Act 1959 – street prostitution – streetwalker – stretching ( sexology ) – string bondage – strip poker – strip pub – strip search – stripping – stripping fetishism – striptease – stroma of ovary – stuffing ( fetish ) – stuffing ( sexology ) – subbing – subcutaneous tissue of penis – subfertility – subincision – sublimation – subliminal tape – submission – submission ( BDSM ) – submissive ( BDSM ) – subpersonality – succubus – sugar daddy – supernumerary nipple – support group – surface epithelial-stromal tumor – surgical fetishism – surrendered wife – surrogate mother – suspension – suspensory ligament of the ovary – suspensory ligament of the penis – suttee – suturing ( sexology ) – swara – swayamvara – sweetheart – sweetheart scam – swimsuit fetishism – swing ( sexology ) – swing club – swinger – swinging – swinging both ways – swish – switch ( BDSM ) – switch ( sexuality ) – sworn virgin – Swyer syndrome – Sybian – sympathetic nervous system – symphorophilia – symphysis pubis dysfunction – symptothermal method – synechial membrane – syphilis –

She writes, " The female earth was central to organic cosmology that was undermined by the Scientific Revolution and the rise of a market-oriented culture ... for sixteenth-century Europeans the root metaphor binding together the self, society and the cosmos was that of an organism ... organismic theory emphasized interdependence among the parts of the human body, subordination of individual to communal purposes in family, community, and state, and vital life permeate the cosmos to the lowliest stone.

Scientific management, also called Taylorism, was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows.

* Scientific theory

This theory of management was a product of the strong opposition against “ the Scientific and universal management process theory of Taylor and Fayol .” This theory was a response to the way employees were treated in companies and how they were deprived of their needs and ambitions.

* Scientific theory

For instance, he takes the example of Heisenberg's first chapters of the Physical principles of the quantum theory, where he alternatively defends a corpuscular theory and an undulatory theory, correcting each by the others ( The New Scientific Mind, IV ).

At a distance of from the Moon, the Scientific Instrument Module ( SIM ) bay cover was jettisoned.

The boom that extended the mass spectrometer out from the Command / Service Module's Scientific Instruments Bay was stuck in a semi-deployed position.

The crew's next task, after jettisoning the Lunar Module ascent stage, was to release a sub-satellite into lunar orbit from the CSM's Scientific Instrument Bay.

Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first " modern " text book, Matthias Schleiden's, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany.

It was an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and involves chemical societies, academics, and institutions worldwide and relied on individual initiatives to organize local and regional activities.

This new ideology was known as the creation of a harmonious society using the Scientific Development Concept.

Gini was also a leading fascist theorist and ideologue who wrote The Scientific Basis of Fascism in 1927.

Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.

Although the concept of consilience in Whewell's sense was widely discussed by philosophers of science, the term was unfamiliar to the broader public until the end of the 20th century, when it was revived in Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, a 1998 book by the humanist biologist Edward Osborne Wilson, as an attempt to bridge the culture gap between the sciences and the humanities that was the subject of C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution ( 1959 ).

It was given its current name by Frank Beckwith, leader of the Arches National Monument Scientific Expedition, who explored the area in the winter of 1933 – 1934.

* Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time ( 1995 ) – the genius in question was John Harrison, who spent decades trying to convince the British Admiralty of the accuracy of his naval timepieces and their use in determining longitude when at sea in order to win the longitude prize.

On his 100th birthday, he was interviewed by Scientific American magazine.

Charles Sanders Peirce was a fallibilist and the most developed form of fallibilism can be traced to Karl Popper ( 1902 – 1994 ) whose first book Logik Der Forschung ( The Logic of Scientific Discovery ), 1934 introduced a " conjectural turn " into the philosophy of science and epistemology at large.

In the Scientific American supplement for 1882, it was remarked that " for two or three of his researches he deserves the highest honor a scientific man can obtain, but the sum of his work is absolutely overwhelming.

The report was reprinted in Scientific American on April 19.

Pohl then says that " on reflection ' Cosmos ' seemed to take in a bit more territory than was justified, so we changed it to the International Scientific Association ( it wasn't International either, but then it also wasn't scientific )".

The ISA then was renamed New York Branch-International Scientific Association ( NYB-ISA ).

Brundtland was recognized in 2003 by Scientific American as their Policy Leader of the Year for coordinating a rapid worldwide response to stem outbreaks of SARS.

Wells's first non-fiction bestseller was Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought ( 1901 ).

The Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) was the central figure in the Scientific Revolution and famous for his support for Copernianism, his astronomical discoveries, and his improvement of the telescope.

In October 1939 he became Minister in charge of Scientific and Industrial Research, and during November – December 1939 he was Acting Minister for Air and Civil Aviation.

At the 16th meeting of the IMU General Assembly in Bangalore, India in August 2010, Berlin was chosen as the location of the permanent office of the IMU, which was opened on January 1, 2011, and is hosted by the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics ( WIAS ), an institute of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community, with about 120 scientists engaging in mathematical research applied to complex problems in industry and commerce.