The eastern Somali region ( Ogaden ) hosts a large nomadic Somali population and is a conflict area where Ethiopian regular forces are fighting against Ogaden National Liberation Front ( ONLF ).

In November 1949, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth League ( SYL ) and other nascent Somalian political organizations, such as Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali ( HDMS ) and the Somali National League ( SNL )— that Somalia achieve independence within ten years.

A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister ( later to become President from 1967 – 1969 ).

Among the militia groups were the Somali Salvation Democratic Front ( SSDF ), United Somali Congress ( USC ), Somali National Movement ( SNM ) and the Somali Patriotic Movement ( SPM ), together with the non-violent political oppositions of the Somali Democratic Movement ( SDM ), the Somali Democratic Alliance ( SDA ) and the Somali Manifesto Group ( SMG ).

:* 1 July 1960: First president of Somali National Assembly, Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf.

Somali National Television is the public channel, that started broadcasting in 2011 after 20 years halt.

The subsequent outbreak of the civil war in 1991 led to the disbandment of the Somali National Army ( SNA ).

Somali president Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a decorated war hero that participated in the 1964 border conflict and later led the Somali National Army's ( SNA ) southern front in the Ogaden War.

This increase in military strength coincided with a consolidated effort by various clan-based rebel groups in the country — most notably the Somali Salvation Democratic Front led by Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a decorated war hero and former colonel in the army, the Isaaq-led Somali National Movement ( SNM ), and General Mohamed Farah Aidid's United Somali Congress — to destabilize the Barre regime, eventually succeeding in ousting it altogether in the ensuing Somali Civil War that broke out in 1991.

On 16 September 2011, President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed laid down the foundation for a new military camp for the Somali National Army ( SNA ) in the Jazeera District of Mogadishu.

As of September 2011, the new Somali National Army ( SNA ) consists of around 4, 000 trained soldiers.

His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d ' état on October 21, 1969 ( the day after his funeral ), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition — essentially a bloodless takeover.

On January 8, 2007, as the Battle of Ras Kamboni raged, TFG President and founder Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former colonel in the Somali Army and decorated war hero, entered Mogadishu for the first time since being elected to office.

On 8 January 2007, as the Battle of Ras Kamboni raged, TFG President and founder Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former colonel in the Somali Army and decorated war hero, entered Mogadishu for the first time since being elected to office.

On October 3, 1993, by the order of President Bill Clinton, a force of United States Army Rangers and Delta Force operators set out to capture several officials of Aidid's militia in an area of the Somali capital city of Mogadishu, controlled by him.

After the fall of the Siad Barre regime and the collapse of the Somali National Army ( SNA ), it was rare for any Somali force to field heavy armored fighting vehicles.

* Somali National Army, from 1960 to 1991

GSG 9 officers stormed the aircraft on the ground in Mogadishu, Somalia, with minor help from the Somali Army and British SAS and freed all 86 hostages, killing three terrorists and capturing the last one.

* Jama Korshel, Somali Army General, former Head of Somali Police and one of the leaders of 1969 coup d ' état of Somalia

* Abdullahi Ahmed Jama ‘ Ilkajir ’ Somali Army General and Interior Minister of Puntland, 2009 – Present

On 8 January 2007, as the Battle of Ras Kamboni raged, TFG President and founder Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a former colonel in the Somali Army and decorated war hero, entered Mogadishu for the first time since being elected to office.

Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War is a 1999 book by Mark Bowden that chronicles the United States Army Rangers, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, Delta Force, Navy SEALs, and UN forces attempt to capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid in Mogadishu and the intense battle that resulted between U. S. forces and local militia and citizens.

The slaying led to an unopposed, bloodless coup d ' état by the Somali Army on October 21, 1969, the day after Shermarke's funeral.

Somali National Army ( SNA ) soldiers and around 3, 000 allied Ethiopian army troops attacked the city in the early morning, capturing it after hours of fighting.

William F. Garrison is a retired Major General of the United States Army who was the commander of Operation Gothic Serpent, the military operation launched in 1993 to capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.

It played a major role in the Ogaden War of 1977-78 assisting the invading Somali Army.

So Siad Barre gave Yusuf Dheere 2 years to give diplomacy a chance and to prepare the Somali National Army, for it was still unproven.

The city also offers numerous social services such as hospitals, petrol stops and police stations, with the former Somali Army barracks kept in good condition and renovated.

Others to provide testimony included Dr. M Zuhdi Jasser, a Muslim and Founder of the American Islamic Forum for Democracy ; Melvin Bledsoe, whose son, a Muslim convert, is serving a life sentence for killing one Army soldier and wounding another in the 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting ; and Abdirizak Bihi, the Director of the Somali Education and Social Advocacy Center.

Staged from Aden, two battalions from the Indian Army and one Somali commando detachment were landed on both sides of Berbera by British naval " Force D " ( cruisers HMS Glasgow and Caledon, destroyers HMS Kandahar and Kipling, auxiliary cruisers Chakdina and Chantala, Indian trawlers Netavati and Parvati, two transports and ML 109 ).

A former general and diplomat, he was the chairman of the United Somali Congress ( USC ) and later led the Somali National Alliance ( SNA ).

He later commanded the Somali National Army's ( SNA ) southern front in the Ogaden War against neighboring Ethiopia, with Col. Abdulkadir Berked of Begedi

It was later recaptured on 27 August 2012 by Somali National Army ( SNA ) forces assisted by AMISOM troops.

In December 2008, HDMS Absalon was involved in the rescue of putative Somali pirates 90 miles off Yemen in the Gulf of Aden.

Most of the census in 2007 was taken in August, while the Somali Region and the Afar Region were not covered.

On the African continent, the cannon was first used by the Somali Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate in his conquest of Ethiopia in 1529.

In 1958, on the eve of neighboring Somalia's independence in 1960, a referendum was held in Djibouti to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France.

According to official figures, although the territory was at the time inhabited by 58, 240 Somali and 48, 270 Afar, only 14, 689 Somali were allowed to register to vote versus 22, 004 Afar.

This was both in acknowledgement of the large Afar constituency and to downplay the significance of the Somali composition ( the Issa being a Somali sub-clan ).

The Ajuuraan Empire was a Somali Muslim empire that ruled over large parts of East Africa in the Middle Ages.

The Warsangali Empire or Gerad Dynasty (, ) was a Somali imperial ruling house centered in northeastern and in some parts of southeastern Somalia.

" However, Beckingham and Huntingford have a much higher opinion of Álvares testimony, stating that not only is it " incomparably more detailed than any earlier account of Ethiopia that has survived ; it is also a very important source for Ethiopian history, for it was written just before the country was devastated by the Muslim Somali and pagan Galla invasions of the second quarter of the sixteenth century.

It is also possible that the word was derived from the animal's Somali name Geri.

Italian was also introduced to Somalia through colonialism and was the sole official language of administration and education during the colonial period but declined after government, educational and economic infrastructure was destroyed in the Somali Civil War.

He added that the city was ruled by a Somali Sultan, originally from Berbera in northern Somalia, who spoke both Somali ( referred to as Mogadishan, the Benadir dialect of Somali ) and Arabic with equal fluency.

After the Northern Frontier District ( North Eastern Province ) was handed over to Kenyan nationalists at the end of British colonial rule in Kenya, Somalis in the region fought the Shifta War against Kenyan troops to join their kin in the Somali Republic to the north.

The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.

The name Madageiscar was first recorded in the memoirs of 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco Polo as a corrupted form of the name Mogadishu, the Somali port with which Polo had confused the island.

However, they continued to trade in the port cities of the Somali peninsula, which was free from any Roman threat or spies.

The reason for barring Indian ships from entering the wealthy Arabian port cities was to protect and hide the exploitative trade practices of the Somali and Arab merchants in the extremely lucrative ancient Red Sea-Mediterranean Sea commerce.

The Romans and Greeks believed the source of cinnamon to have been the Somali peninsula but in reality, the highly valued product was brought to Somalia by way of Indian ships.