Southern Song experienced a period of great technological development which can be explained in part by the military pressure that it felt from the north.

The Jurchen-founded Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war in which firearms played an important role.

These records state that Bu began his rule before 477, was recognized as the ruler of Japan by the Liu Song, Southern Qi, and Liang dynasties, and continued his rule through to 502.

Loquats and Mountain Bird, anonymous artist of the Southern Song Dynasty ; paintings in leaf album style such as this were popular in the Southern Song ( 1127 – 1279 ).

* 971 – In China, the war elephant corps of the Southern Han are soundly defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops.

The first recorded inhabitants of the area are some 50, 000 people seeking refuge in Macau from invading Mongols in 1277, during the Southern Song Dynasty.

However, China's first official standing navy was not established until the Southern Song Dynasty in the 12th century, a time when gunpowder was a revolutionary new application to warfare.

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.

However, the Chinese were not completely defenceless, and from AD 1234 until 1279 the Southern Song Chinese held out against the enormous barrage of Mongol attacks.

He than solved the high order equation by Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao's " Ling long kai fang " method published in Shùshū Jiǔzhāng (“ Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections ”) in 1247 ( more than 570 years before English mathematician William Horner's method using synthetic division ).

Southern Song dynasty.

Southern Song dynasty.

* 1132: The Southern Song Dynasty establishes China's first permanent standing navy, although China had a long naval history prior.

* 1141-The Treaty of Shaoxing ends the conflicts between the Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty, legally establishing the boundaries of the two countries and forcing the Song Dynasty to renounce all claims to its former territories north of the Huai River.

The treaty reduces the Southern Song into a quasi-tributary state of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty.

* November – The Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty sign the Treaty of Shaoxing and peace lasts for the next twenty years.

* Wang Jian, official of Liu Song and Southern Qi ( d. 489 )

* Some 50, 000 leaders and citizens of the Southern Song Dynasty of China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan Dynasty.

The Northern state will have three competing dynasties — Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Liang, while the Southern state is dominated by the Song ( or Liu Song ) Dynasty.

When the Ming Dynasty Chinese astronomer Xu Guangqi adapted the European southern hemisphere constellations to the Chinese system in The Southern Asterisms, he combined Apus with some of the stars in Octans to form the " Exotic Bird " ( 異雀, Yìquè ).

Signaled by the collapse of East Jin Dynasty in 420, China entered the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

In 589, Sui annexed the last Southern Dynasty, Chen, through military force, and put an end to the era of Southern and Northern Dynasties.

However, the peace soon fell apart, and in 1352, the Southern Dynasty evacuated Kyoto, abducting with them Retired ( Northern ) Emperors Emperor Kōgon and Emperor Kōmyō as well as Sukō and the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito, the son of Emperor Kōgon.

In 1351, Ashikaga Takauji briefly returned to the allegiance of the Southern Dynasty, causing the Southern Court to briefly consolidate control of the Imperial Line.

Zhang's " Southern Capital Rhapsody " commemorated his home city of Nanyang, home of the restorer of the Han Dynasty, Guangwu.

Just as the Negro situation points up the gradual and abrupt changes affecting Southern life, it also points up the non-representation of urbanism in Southern literature.

One of the early humorists already mentioned, Thomas Bangs Thorpe, can be used to illustrate another point where Faulkner touches authentic Southern materials and also earlier literary treatment of those materials.

From his playmates in Savannah, Mercer had picked up, along with a soft Southern dialect, traces also of the Gullah dialects of Africa.

Localized dialects also exist with quite distinct variations, such as in Southern Appalachia and New York.

She also serves on the Board of Trustees for Southern Vermont College in Bennington, Vermont.

Southern and mid-western states also passed numerous laws to protect Sunday during the mid to late 19th century.

Another project was launched in the same year, which aims to link Burundi and Rwanda ( which also has no railways ) to the DRC and Zambia, and therefore to the rest of Southern Africa.

In Southern France the sport is also popular and known as Boule Lyonnaise.

Instead, from 1 January 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the " big four ", the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies ( there were also a number of other joint railways such as the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and the Cheshire Lines Committee as well as special joint railways such as the Forth Bridge Railway, Ryde Pier Railway and at one time the East London Railway ).

There are at least three distinct subspecies: B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda ( also known as the pygmy blue whale ) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean.

Authorities classify the species into three or four subspecies: B. m. musculus, the northern blue whale consisting of the North Atlantic and North Pacific populations, B. m. intermedia, the southern blue whale of the Southern Ocean, B. m. brevicauda, the pygmy blue whale found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, and the more problematic B. m. indica, the great Indian rorqual, which is also found in the Indian Ocean and, although described earlier, may be the same subspecies as B. m. brevicauda.

Cameroon also faces a complaint filed with the African Commission on Human Rights by the Southern Cameroons National Council ( SCNC ) and the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation ( SCAPO ) against the Government of the Republic of Cameroon, in which the complainants allege that the Republic of Cameroon is illegally occupying the territory of Southern Cameroons.

Between 1673 and 1681, the Emperor Kangxi suppressed an uprising of three generals in Southern China who had been denied hereditary rule to large fiefdoms granted by the previous emperor ; he also put down a Ming restorationist invasion from Taiwan, called the Revolt of the Three Feudatories.

Goodhue's designs for Caltech were also influenced by the traditional Spanish mission architecture of Southern California.

The constellation was also used on the dark blue, shield-like patch worn by personnel of the U. S. Army's Americal Division, which was organized in the Southern Hemisphere, on the island of New Caledonia, and also the blue diamond of the U. S. 1st Marine Division, which fought on the Southern Hemisphere islands of Guadalcanal and New Britain.

" Southern Cross " is also a 1982 song by the classic rock group Crosby, Stills and Nash, written by Rick Curtis, Michael Curtis, and Stephen Stills.

The 1997 Rolf de Heer film, Epsilon, also known as Alien Visitor, an alien in female form descends to Earth from Epsilon in the Southern Cross, and inspires an Outback traveler to better his planet.

* Vaccinium erythrocarpum or Oxycoccus erythrocarpus ( Southern Mountain Cranberry ) native to southeastern North America at high altitudes in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and also in eastern Asia.