Athens sent out a sizable contingent ( 4, 000 hoplites ), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain.

The Corinthians, the Spartans, and others in the Peloponnesian League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians ; but instead of withdrawing, the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5, 000 troops to Sicily.

The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships.

An anecdote has it that when Philip II sent a message to Sparta saying " If I enter Laconia, I will raze Sparta ", the Spartans responded with the single, terse reply: " If.

Thus, upon the conquest of Persia, Alexander the Great sent to Athens 300 suits of Persian armour with the following inscription Alexander, son of Philip, and all the Greeks except the Spartans, give these offerings taken from the foreigners who live in Asia added.

In 407 BC, he was in command of a fleet sent to besiege Phocaea ; this siege had to be lifted, however, after the Spartans under Lysander defeated the main Athenian fleet at Notium.

When the Spartan garrison of Athens, supported by Athenian cavalry, was sent out to oppose him, Thrasybulus led his force, now 700 strong, in a surprise daybreak raid on their camp, killing 120 Spartans and putting the rest to flight.

Retaining their other allies, the Spartans sent Kimon and his men home.

In 384 he served in a Theban contingent sent to the support of the Spartans at Mantineia, where he was saved, when dangerously wounded, by the Arcadians.

According to Herodotus " The Spartans sent the men with Leonidas on ahead so that the rest of the allies would see them and march with no fear of defeat, instead of medizing like the others if they learned that the Spartans were delaying.

At that point Leonidas sent away all Greek troops and remained in the pass with his 300 Spartans, 900 Helots, and 700 Thespians who refused to leave.

Blockaded by land and sea, with their food supplies running low, the Athenians sent ambassadors to the Spartan king Agis, whose army was camped outside their walls, offering to join the Spartan alliance if they were allowed to keep their walls and port ; Agis, claiming that he had no power to negotiate, sent the ambassadors on to Sparta, but there they were told that, if they really wanted peace, they should bring the Spartans better proposals.

In this situation, Theramenes, in a speech to the assembly, requested that he be sent as an ambassador to Lysander ( who was at this time besieging Samos ) to determine the Spartans ' intentions towards Athens ; he also stated that he had discovered something that might improve the Athenians ' situation, although he declined to share it with the citizenry.

After this, Philip cooperated with the Romans and sent help to them in their fight against the Spartans under King Nabis in 195 BC.

Variations on his Athenian origin and his deformity are found in numerous ancient sources, including Diogenes Laertius, who said that the Athenians regarded him as deranged, and Porphyry, who labelled him " one-eyed ", and Justin, who believed that he was sent to the Spartans by the Athenians as a deliberate insult.

According to Pausanias, the Athenians sent the lame, mentally defective teacher / poet to Sparta as a compromise, wishing to obey the oracle, which had demanded an Athenian, but not wishing to help the Spartans in their war, which would have required a more capable individual.

Nonetheless, at the death of Phoebidas, the Spartans sent a new mora ( μόρα, the largest tactical unit in ancient Spartan armies ) under a polemarchos ( πολέμαρχος, the commander of a mora ) by sea to replace the losses in the Thespian garrison.

The Spartans also sent a large force led by King Cleombrotus I ( Spartans have two kings simultaneously ) to Phocis, ready to invade Boeotia if the Thebans refuse to attend the peace conference or accept its terms.

Spartans sent an ultimatum demanding that Thebes grant autonomy to the other Boeotian poleis.

They even voted for their non-combatants ( including women and children ) to be sent to Athens in case the Spartans manage to besiege Thebes.

Furthermore, the Spartans were obliged to repatriate Themistocles in order to free their own ambassadors.

Spartiates, on the other hand, were forbidden ( in theory ) from engaging in menial labor or trade, although there is evidence of Spartan sculptors, and Spartans were certainly poets, magistrates, ambassadors, and governors as well as soldiers.

Disputes over the interpretation of the treaty led the Spartans to dispatch ambassadors to Athens with full powers to arrange all unsettled matters.

Disputes over the interpretation of the treaty led the Spartans to dispatch ambassadors to Athens with full powers to arrange all unsettled matters.

When Epaminondas came forward asking to swear on behalf of the whole Boeotian League, the Spartans refused saying he could swear as the representative of Thebes or not at all.

Meeting the Spartans at Tanagra, Athens fielded " their whole army, supported by 1, 000 troops from Argos and by contingents from their other allies, making up altogether a force of 14, 000 men.

While the Greek Laconophiles like Plutarch had praised the Spartans, they did not extend this admiration to the Dorians as a whole.

The Koinon was destroyed in 379 BCE by the Spartans, while in 348 BCE Philipp II of Macedon annexed the whole Chalcidice into the Macedonian Kingdom.

The Spartans were of the view that, with the liberation of mainland Greece, and the Greek cities of Asia Minor, the war's purpose had already been reached.

During the second Persian invasion of Greece ( 480-479 BC ) Megara fought alongside the Spartans and Athenians at crucial battles such as Salamis and Plataea.

However, the Spartans announced their refusal to destroy a city that had done a good service at a time of greatest danger to Greece, and took Athens into their own system.

When Philip created the league of the Greeks on the pretext of unifying Greece against Persia, the Spartans chose not to join — they had no interest in joining a pan-Greek expedition if it was not under Spartan leadership.

The Spartans, claims Athenaeus sacrificed to Eros before every battle, but Eros had many roles and meanings in Ancient Greece, not least of which was as the God of procreation-not something appropriate for homosexual love.

The Spartans prepared to send out an army against this new alliance of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos ( with the backing of the Achaemenid Empire ) and ordered Agesilaus II to return to Greece.

Taranto was founded in 706 BC by Dorian Greek immigrants as the only Spartan colony, and its origin is peculiar: the founders were Partheniae (" sons of virgins "), sons of unmarried Spartan women and Perioeci ( free men, but not citizens of Sparta ); these out-of-wedlock unions were permitted extraordinarily by the Spartans to increase the prospective number of soldiers ( only the citizens of Sparta could become soldiers ) during the bloody Messenian wars, but later they were retroactively nullified, and the sons were then obliged to leave Greece forever.

* Xenophon's " Ten Thousand " make their way back to Greece, with most of the men enlisting with the Spartans.

The Spartans prepare to send out an army against this new alliance, and order Agesilaus to return to Greece.

The next year the Spartans had opened negotiations with the Persians, and in order to secure their position in Greece offered to abandon all the cities in Asia to them.

* The Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, make peace with Antigonus II of Macedonia who thus retains his hold on Greece.

* Macedonia's King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans ( led by King Areus I of Sparta ), Athenians ( led by Chremonides ), Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in Greece.

Those same Spartans, however, had been at the center of resistance to the Persian invasions of the 5th century BC, and their absence was sorely felt at Chaeronea ; the endless warfare in which Epaminondas played a central role weakened the cities of Greece until they could no longer hold their own against their neighbors to the north.

The battle's political effects were far-reaching: the losses in material strength and prestige ( prestige being an inestimably important factor in the Peloponnesian War ) sustained by the Spartans at Leuctra and subsequently at the Battle of Mantinea were key in depriving them forever of their supremacy in Greece.

In Greece, the Spartans under Agesilaus met the numerous rebelling poleis.

According to Herodotus, the Spartans, who were at that time celebrating the festival of Hyacinthus, delayed making a decision until they were persuaded by a guest, Chileos of Tegea, who pointed out the danger to all of Greece if the Athenians surrendered.

In 263 BC, the Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, made peace with Antigonus, who thus retained his hold on Greece.

* Three Hundred Spartans, The ( 1963 ) Richard Egan, U. S. film filmed in Greece using Italian screenwriters

The Spartans were supposedly of the view that, with the liberation of mainland Greece and the Greek cities of Asia Minor, the war's purpose had already been reached.

This humiliating treaty, which undid all the Greek gains of the previous century, sacrificed the Greeks of Asia Minor so that the Spartans could maintain their hegemony over Greece.

He sent some of the spoils back to Greece, including three hundred panoplies ( complete Persian suits of armor ) back to Athens to be dedicated in the Parthenon with the inscription “ Alexander, son of Philip and the Greeks, Lacedaemonians ( Spartans ) excepted, these spoils from the barbarians who dwell in Asia ”.

According to Herodotus, the Spartans, who were at that time celebrating the festival of Hyacinthus, delayed making a decision until they were persuaded by a guest, Chileos of Tegea, who pointed out the danger to all of Greece if the Athenians surrendered.

After the conclusion of the alliance between the Argives, Achaeans, Eleans and Athens, the humiliation of the Spartans in the 420 Olympic Games and the invasion of Epidaurus by the allies, the Spartans were compelled to move against them, fearing an alliance with Corinth and having amassed an army that was, according to Thucydides, ' the best army ever assembled in Greece to that time.