However, unlike the Spectrum, the single-keypress keyword-entry was optional, and keywords could be entered manually if preferred.

Whilst it may not have been as popular as the Spectrum, Commodore 64 or Amstrad CPC, it did sell in sufficient numbers to ensure that new software was being produced right up until the early 1990s.

One nibble of such a byte then controlled the foreground color, and the other nibble controlled the background color, a system very similar to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, in fact in the 256x192 mode the display mode was virtually identical to the video of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

It was designed to compete in the mid-1980s home computer market dominated by the Commodore 64 and the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, where it successfully established itself primarily in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the German-speaking parts of Europe.

The Spectrum version was also voted number 58 in the Your Sinclair Readers ' Top 100 Games of All Time.

While pursuing his bachelor's degree, Coppola was elected president of The Green Wig ( the university's drama group ), the Kaleidoscopians, ( its musical comedy club ) and he then merged the two into The Spectrum Players.

Developing his talents as an MC with Flavor Flav while delivering furniture for his father's business, Chuck D ( Carlton Douglas Ridenhour ) and Spectrum City, as the group was called, released the record " Check Out the Radio ," backed by " Lies ," a social commentary — both of which would influence RUSH Productions ' Run-D. M. C.

At the time, Carlton Ridenhour ( a. k. a. Chuck D ) was part of the Spectrum City DJ-for-hire service led by Hank Shocklee, and Spectrum and Unity Force frequently worked side-by-side at local events.

In the United States, Sprint PCS was the first company to build and operate a PCS network, launching service in November under the Sprint Spectrum brand in 1995 in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area.

The Sinclair ZX Spectrum version of R-Type was awarded 9 / 10 in the January 1989 issue of Your Sinclair

The Sinclair QL ( for Quantum Leap ), was a personal computer launched by Sinclair Research in 1984, as the successor to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

Physically, the QL was the same black colour as the preceding ZX81 and Sinclair ZX Spectrum models, but introduced a new angular styling theme and keyboard design which would later be seen in the ZX Spectrum +.

Apart from its reliability issues, the target business market was becoming wedded to the IBM PC platform, whilst the majority of ZX Spectrum owners were uninterested in upgrading to a machine which had a minimal library of games.

The same slot bus was continued on the ZX81, and later the ZX Spectrum, which encouraged a small cottage industry of expansion devices, including memory ( Sinclair produced RAM expansion packs for the ZX80: the original ZX80 RAM Pack held either 1, 2 or 3 KB of static RAM ; a later model held 16 KB, using dynamic RAM chips ( DRAM )), printers, and even floppy drives.

Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82, the machine was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine's colour display, compared with the black-and-white of its predecessor, the ZX81.

The Spectrum was ultimately released as eight different models, ranging from the entry level model with 16 kB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum + 3 with 128 kB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold in excess of 5 million units worldwide ( not counting numerous clones ).

The Spectrum was among the first mainstream audience home computers in the UK, similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the USA.

The BASIC interpreter was developed from that used on the ZX81 and a ZX81 BASIC program can be typed into a Spectrum largely unmodified, but Spectrum BASIC included many extra features making it easier to use.

The ZX Spectrum character set was expanded from that of the ZX81, which did not feature lower-case letters.

Planning of the ZX Spectrum + started in June 1984, and the machine was released in October the same year.

The keyboard included a form of Single-key keyword input, similar to that used on the Sinclair Spectrum, via the ' func ' key.

Like the Spectrum, the Ace used black rubber keys.

They were first used in a new series of HP 3000 machines in the late 1980s – the 930 and 950, commonly known at the time as Spectrum systems, the name given to them in the development labs.

Microdrives had been introduced for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum in July 1983, although the QL used a different logical tape format.

Spectrum is also used to refer to a graphical representation of the as a function of the dependent variable.

The Spectrum reused a number of technologies used in the ZX81, such as some of the same ROM code ( some obsolete routines used for the ZX81 exist in the Spectrum ), and a similar ULA for hardware control.

The Z80 processor used in the Spectrum has a 16-bit address bus, which means only 64 kB of memory can be directly addressed.

The power supply of the ZX Spectrum + 2A used the same pinout as the + 3.

Both systems had the ability to store memory images onto disk snapshots could later be used to restore the Spectrum to its exact previous state.

Amstrad launched two new variants of the Spectrum: the ZX Spectrum + 2, based on the ZX Spectrum 128, with a built-in tape drive ( like the CPC 464 ) and, the following year, the ZX Spectrum + 3, with a built-in floppy disk drive ( similar to the CPC 664 and 6128 ), taking the 3 " disks that many Amstrad machines used.

Studies show that under ideal propagation conditions ( simulations ), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ( DSSS ) provides the highest throughput for all nodes on a network when used in conjunction with CSMA / CA and the IEEE 802. 11 RTS / CTS exchange under light network load conditions.

While many 8-bit home computers of the 1980s, such as the Commodore 64, Apple II series, the Atari 8-bit, the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum series and others could load a third-party disk-loading operating system, such as CP / M or GEOS, they were generally used without one.

It was used in the Nintendo Game Boy, the Sinclair ZX80, ZX81, ZX Spectrum and the Amstrad CPC home computers as well as the MSX architecture and the Tandy TRS-80 series — among many others.

*. sna, snapshot file used in ZX Spectrum emulation

( However the Spectrum Version came with a bug which could be used to produce identical items within a room )

In many eastern European countries, the various Spectrum clones used to be more common than the original models, a fact that also reflects in the choices of hardware among the demoscene.

ZX Spectrum have been shown in multi-platform parties, such as Assembly and there used to be a lot of ZX Spectrum only parties, such as Funtop in Moscow.

Although not as well supported by the biggest software publishers as rivals like the Commodore 64 and Sinclair ZX Spectrum, a good range of games were available for the Electron.

Ports of the game were released for the Commodore 64, Sinclair ZX Spectrum, Amiga, Atari ST, MSX, Amstrad CPC, Sharp X68000, PC ( MS-DOS, 1989 and 1996 ), Apple II, FM Towns Marty, Sega Master System, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Nintendo Entertainment System, Famicom Disk System, Sega Game Gear, mobile phone ( Sprint PCS ), Texas Instruments TI-8x series of calculators and UltraCade's Taito Arcade Classics.

* GDOS and G + DOS, for the + D and DISCiPLE disk interfaces for the ZX Spectrum.

* DARPA XG-technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications

Garfield: Big Fat Hairy Deal is a 1987 video game for the Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC and the Amiga based on the comic strip.

Both had been on the design team for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

Vickers adapted and expanded the 4K ZX-80 ROM to the 8K ZX-81 ROM and wrote most of the ROM for the Spectrum.

* RWAP Adventures-Adventure programs for the Sinclair QL and ZX Spectrum

Some software, especially games for the MSX, Sinclair ZX Spectrum and other Z80 based computers, took Z80 assembly optimization to rather extreme levels, employing the duplicated registers among other things.

The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine, the effects of which are still seen ; some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry.

Spectrum BASIC included extra keywords for the more advanced display and sound, and also supported multi-statement lines.

Rick Dickinson came up with a number of designs for the " ZX82 " project before the final ZX Spectrum design.

The original ZX Spectrum is remembered for its rubber keyboard, diminutive size and distinctive rainbow motif.

The appearance of the ZX Spectrum 128 was similar to the ZX Spectrum +, with the exception of a large external heatsink for the internal 7805 voltage regulator added to the right hand end of the case, replacing the internal heatsink in previous versions.