The ancient Sumerians and their successor cultures, such as the Babylonians, produced their cuneiform writing by pressing a triangular stylus into soft clay tablets, creating characteristic wedge-shaped marks.

Although the ancient Sumerians were the first to record the names of constellations on clay tablets, the earliest known star catalogues were compiled by the ancient Babylonians of Mesopotamia in the late 2nd millennium BC, during the Kassite Period ( ca.

In Western culture, there had been an unbroken tradition in musical practice and theory from the earliest written records of the Sumerians ( c. 2500 BC ) through the Babylonians and Persians down to ancient Greece and Rome.

The earliest civilizations in history were established in the region now known as the Middle East around 3500 BC by the Sumerians, in Mesopotamia ( Iraq ), widely regarded as the cradle of civilization.

Hincks deduced correctly that cuneiform writing had been invented by one of the earliest civilizations of Mesopotamia ( a people later identified by Oppert as the Sumerians ), who then bequeathed it to later states such as Babylon, Assyria and Elam.

The indigenous Sumerians and Akkadians ( including Assyrians and Babylonians ) dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history ( c. 3100 BC ) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire.

There is, however, no written record of the marsh tribes until the ninth century AD, and the Sumerians were absorbed by the Akkadians ( Assyrians-Babylonians ) by around 1800 BC, some 2, 700 years before.

In the written record, the study of herbs dates back over 5, 000 years to the Sumerians, who created clay tablets with lists of hundreds of medicinal plants ( such as myrrh and opium ).

In the written record, the study of herbs dates back 5, 000 years to the ancient Sumerians, who described well-established medicinal uses for plants.

Cuneiform law refers to any of the legal codes written in cuneiform script, that were developed and used throughout the ancient Middle East among the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Elamites, Hurrians, Kassites, and Hittites.

The Sumerians later issued other codes, including the " code of Lipit-Ishtar ".

Even though the stone had been around centuries and was known to both the Sumerians and the Egyptians, both who used the gem for decoration and for playing important parts in their religious ceremonies, any agate of this color from Sicily, once an ancient Greek colony, is called Greek agate.

During the 3rd millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.

During the 3rd millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.

During the third millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.

This name was applied by the Arabs to the asterism of α, β, and γ Aquilae and probably goes back to the ancient Babylonians and Sumerians, who called α Aquilae the eagle star.

The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character.

The first known tool used to aid arithmetic calculations was the Abacus, devised by Sumerians and Egyptians before 2000 BC.

Division of labour was also a method used by the Sumerians to categorise different jobs, and divide them to skilled members of a society.

Enlil was known as the inventor of the mattock ( a key agricultural pick, hoe, ax or digging tool of the Sumerians ) and caused plants to grow.

Enlil, along with Anu / An, Enki and Ninhursag were gods of the Sumerians.

According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood.

A people called the Akkadians invaded the valley under Sargon I and established their supremacy over the Sumerians, and extended their control into Syria as far as the coast.

This primitive writing is placed slightly earlier than premitive writings of Sumerians of Mesopotamia, dated c. 3100 BCE.

During the third millennium BCE, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.

During the third millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.

The need for irrigation led the Sumerians, and later the Akkadians, to build their cities along the Tigris and Euphrates and the branches of these rivers.

The first known cultivation of opium poppies was in Mesopotamia, approximately 3400 BCE, by Sumerians who called the plant Hul Gil, the " joy plant.

Ziggurats were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians for local religions.

Egyptians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Hittites variously occupied the strategic ground of Syria during this period, as it was a marchland between their various empires.

Syria was dominated by many peoples in its history, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Canaanites, Arameans, Hattians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Nabataeans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and French.

The earliest armored personnel carriers ( APCs ) produced by Brazil, in the 1960s, benefited directly from some of the technology developed by Brazil's dynamic automotive industry.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

The earliest PDP-7 implementations compiled to threaded code, and then Ritchie wrote a compiler using TMG which produced machine code.

Many of Marker's earliest films were produced by Anatole Dauman.

He produced and directed the Biograph film Judith of Bethulia ( 1914 ), one of the earliest feature films to be produced in the United States.

Diderot's earliest works included a translation of Temple Stanyan's History of Greece ( 1743 ); with two colleagues, François-Vincent Toussaint and Marc-Antoine Eidous, he produced a translation of Robert James's Medicinal Dictionary ( 1746 – 1748 ); at about the same time he published a free rendering of Shaftesbury's Inquiry Concerning Virtue and Merit ( 1745 ), with some original notes of his own.

* Quentin Matsys produced the earliest known portraits of Erasmus, including an oil painting in 1517 and a medallion in 1519.

Juniper-Flavoured Spirit Drinks-This represents the earliest class of gin, which is produced by pot distilling alcoholic grain wash and redistilling it with botanicals to extract the aromatic compounds.

The earliest screen success for Hamlet was Sarah Bernhardt's five-minute film of the fencing scene, produced in 1900.

Evidence for the earliest Chinese inks, similar to modern inksticks, is around 256 BC in the end of the Warring States Period and produced from soot and animal glue.

In China, bronze mirrors were manufactured from around 2000 BC, some of the earliest bronze and copper examples being produced by the Qijia culture.

In the 15th century Ptolemy's Geographia began to be printed with engraved maps ; the earliest printed edition with engraved maps was produced in Bologna in 1477, followed quickly by a Roman edition in 1478 ( Campbell, 1987 ).

The earliest example of a revolver is a revolving arquebus, produced by

The earliest known depiction of a Siberian shaman, produced by the Dutch explorer Nicolaes Witsen, who authored an account of his travels among Samoyedic-and Tungusic-speaking peoples in 1692.

Because the earliest tarot cards were hand-painted, the number of the decks produced is thought to have been rather small, and it was only after the invention of the printing press that mass production of cards became possible.

* date unknown – Jack Broughton, English bare-knuckle fighter who produced the earliest known rules of boxing ( d. 1789 )

* 1278 – The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.

From a very early date, British coins have been inscribed with the name of the ruler of the kingdom in which they were produced, and a longer or shorter title, always in Latin ; among the earliest distinctive English coins are the silver pennies of Offa of Mercia, which were inscribed with the legend " King Offa ".

The earliest Bessemer converters produced steel for £ 7 a long ton, although it initially sold for around £ 40 a ton.

The fact that an electromagnetic pulse is produced by a nuclear explosion was known since the earliest days of nuclear weapons testing.

* The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.

Around the time of the release of Texasville, Bogdanovich also revisited his earliest success, The Last Picture Show, and produced a slightly modified director's cut.

In the 1960s the BBC produced the earliest of Richard Waring's domestic comedies, Marriage Lines ( 1961 – 66 ), with Richard Briers and Prunella Scales, and a then-rare workplace comedy with The Rag Trade ( 1961 – 63, 1977 – 78 ).