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The Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 19 ) was called by the States General to consider the Five Articles of Remonstrance.
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Synod and Dort
This Synod of Dort was open primarily to Dutch Calvinists ( Arminians were excluded ) with Calvinist representatives from other countries, and in 1618 published a condemnation of Arminius and his followers as heretics.
They took on distinctive views on clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort were resisted by the English bishops.
The Coronis had been primarily prepared for the Synod of Dort, which sat from 13 November 1618 until 9 May 1619.
His most significant influence in this regard was John Davenant, later an English delegate to the Synod of Dort, who managed to significantly soften that Synod's teaching regarding limited atonement.
The Synod of Dort ( also known as the Synod of Dordt or the Synod of Dordrecht ) was a National Synod held in Dordrecht in 1618 – 1619, by the Dutch Reformed Church, to settle a divisive controversy initiated by the rise of Arminianism.
The Decision of the Synod of Dort on the Five Main Points of Doctrine in Dispute in the Netherlands, popularly known as the Canons of Dort, is the explanation of the judicial decision of the Synod.
* John Lothrop Motley, " History of the United Netherlands from the Death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort ".
Synod and 1618
In 1618 / 1619, an important religious meeting took place in Dordrecht, called the Synod of Dordrecht.
Simon Episcopius ( 1583 – 1643 ) was spokesman of the 14 Remonstrants who were summoned before the Synod in 1618.
With respect to the Calvinist Reformed churches, they were firmly rejected by the Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 1619 ), and Arminian pastors were expelled from the Netherlands.
The Remonstrants denied predestination and championed freedom of conscience, while their more dogmatic adversaries ( known as Contra-Remonstrants ) gained a major victory at the Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 19 ).
But the Calvinist Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 1619 ), convening for the purpose of condemning Arminius ' theology, declared it and its adherents anathemas, defined the five points of Calvinism, and persecuted Arminian pastors who remained in the Netherlands.
Franciscus Gomarus ( François Gomaer ) ( January 30, 1563, Bruges – January 11, 1641, Groningen ), was a Dutch theologian, a strict Calvinist and opponent of the teaching of Jacobus Arminius ( and his followers ), which was formally judged at the Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 1619 ).
He took a leading part in the Synod of Dordrecht, assembled in 1618 to judge of the doctrines of Arminius.
This synodical meeting is not to be confused with the better known Second Synod of Dort of 1618, during which Arminians were expelled from the Church and the Canons of Dort were added to the Confessions.
From 1618 to 1619 the international Reformed churches, with representatives from several countries, met at the Synod or Council of Dordrecht ( Dordt ) in the Netherlands and there collectively stated their faith, summarizing biblical teachings in the Canons of the Council of Dordrecht.
The government of the Canadian Reformed Churches is described in a church order based on the church order adopted by the Synod of Dort ( 1618 – 1619 ).
Synod and –
The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod ( LCMS ) and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod ( WELS ), the second and third largest Lutheran bodies in the United States and the two largest Confessional Lutheran bodies in North America, do not have a bishop as the head of the church or middle jurisdiction, practicing a form of congregationalism similar to the United Church of Christ.
For example, the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod, the Lutheran Church of Australia, and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod recognize homosexual behavior as intrinsically sinful and seek to minister to those who are struggling with homosexual inclinations.
Pre-ecumenical councils ( also known as synods ) include the Council of Jerusalem ( c. 50 ), the Council of Rome ( 155 AD ), the Second Council of Rome ( 193 AD ), the Council of Ephesus ( 193 AD ), the Council of Carthage ( 251 AD ), the Council of Iconium ( 258 AD ), the Council of Antioch ( 264 AD ), the Councils of Arabia ( 246 – 247 AD ), the Council of Elvira ( 306 AD ), the Council of Carthage ( 311 AD ), the Synod of Neo-Caesarea ( c. 314 AD ), the Council of Ancyra ( 314 AD ) and the Council of Arles ( 314 AD ).
The Church considers the first seven Ecumenical Councils ( held between the 4th and the 8th century ) to be the most important ; however, there have been more, specifically the Synods of Constantinople, 879 – 880, 1341, 1347, 1351, 1583, 1819, and 1872, the Synod of Iaşi ( Jassy ), 1642, and the Pan-Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem, 1672, all of which helped to define the Orthodox position.
Confirming his continued support of the anti-Formosus faction, Sergius honoured the murdered Pope Stephen VI ( 896 – 897 ), who had been responsible for the " Cadaver Synod " that had condemned and mutilated the corpse of Pope Formosus, writing a laudatory epitaph on Stephen VI's tombstone.
* May 29 – May 31 – The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.
* June – Frederick is sent as an imperial legate to the Synod of Pöhlde to mediate between the claims of Bernard, Bishop of Hildesheim, and Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz, concerning the control of the abbey of Gandersheim.
* March – The Synod of Jerusalem brings together bishops and representatives from the whole of Eastern Orthodox Christendom to discuss Orthodox dogma against the challenge of Protestantism.
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