* Model-theoretic semantics is the archetype of Alfred Tarski's semantic theory of truth, based on his T-schema, and is one of the founding concepts of model theory.

The T-schema, which embodies the theory of truth proposed by Alfred Tarski, defines the truth of arbitrary sentences from the truth of atomic sentences.

As a guideline for constructing semantic theories, this is generally taken, as in the influential work on the philosophy of language by Donald Davidson, to mean that every construct of the syntax should be associated by a clause of the T-schema with an operator in the semantics that specifies how the meaning of the whole expression is built from constituents combined by the syntactic rule.

The T-schema is often expressed in natural language, but it can be formalized in many-sorted predicate logic or modal logic ; such a formalisation is called a T-theory.

* Tarski's definition of model-theoretic satisfaction, now called the T-schema

Heath argues that analyzing this sentence using T-schema generates the sentence fragment —“ everything that Bill believes ”— on the righthand side of the biconditional.

Our concept of truth consists of nothing more than a disposition to assent to all of the instances of the above schema when we encounter them.

By using the schema one can give an inductive definition for the truth of compound sentences.

The querent is warned that truth may not oblige schema.

A variant of redundancy theory is the disquotational theory, which uses a modified form of Tarski's schema: To say that "' P ' is true " is to say that P. Yet another version of deflationism is the prosentential theory of truth, first developed by Dorothy Grover, Joseph Camp, and Nuel Belnap as an elaboration of Ramsey's claims.

She was telling herself that this might just be her reward at the end of a long meaningful search for truth.

This, however, cannot be done by a community whose very experience of truth is confused and incoherent: it has no absolute standard, and consequently cannot distinguish the absolute from the contingent.

The basic truth in the reactionary response is to be found in its realistic assumption of the primacy of the real over the ideational.

The ancient types are reassembled in gloom and foreboding to be irresistibly drawn to their destinies, but the myth fails before the modern truth ; ;

Nothing, however, could be farther from the truth.

To have the results recorded in everyday usable English should be of benefit to all who seek the truth.

This prime element of the truth may be stated as follows: Under prevailing policy, the U.S. can take the initiative against the Right, but cannot take the initiative against the Left.

You are likely to be nearer the truth.

While this influence is a complex matter, depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience, there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth.

It suddenly seemed very important to me that Mary Jane Brennan should know the truth about me -- that I was not the confused, sick, irresponsible person she believed me to be.

Certainly, in analyzing an action which truly faced such alternatives, `` it is never possible that no world would be preferable to some worlds, and there are in truth no circumstances in which the destruction of human life presents itself as a reasonable alternative ''.

There was good fortune and there was bad and Philip Spencer, in handcuffs and ankle irons, knew it to be a truth.

It is possible to prove many theorems using neither the axiom of choice nor its negation ; such statements will be true in any model of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory ( ZF ), regardless of the truth or falsity of the axiom of choice in that particular model.

Up to the time of the revolution the promise was, " to be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith to bear of life and limb and terrene honour, and not to know or hear of any ill or damage intended him without defending him therefrom.

Agnosticism is the view that the truth values of certain claims — especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims — are unknown and ( so far as can be judged ) unknowable.

That said, he provides some reasons why we may have a basis for trust in the testimony of persons: because a ) human memory can be relatively tenacious ; and b ) because people are inclined to tell the truth, and ashamed of telling falsities.

He concluded that, because people act as if is morality is an objective truth, then it must be, and that God must exist.

In Luke 1: 3-4, the author states that he decided to “ write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the truth concerning the things about which you have been instructed .” Theophilus is Greek for lover of God and it is suggested that he may either be an individual who recently converted to the faith or a Roman official of whom the church is seeking acceptance from.

Beauty and Truth have been argued to be nearly synonymous, as reflected in the statement " Beauty is truth, truth beauty " in the poem Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats.

The fact that judgments of beauty and judgments of truth both are influenced by processing fluency, which is the ease with which information can be processed, has been presented as an explanation for why beauty is sometimes equated with truth.

(" An account of mathematical truth .. must be consistent with the possibility of mathematical knowledge ").

) and Irenaeus ( 180 ) introduce explicitly the idea of the bishop's succession in office as a guarantee of the truth of what he preached in that it could be traced back to the apostles.

As the election to maintain an accused person's right to silence prevents any examination or cross-examination of that person's position, it follows that the decision of counsel as to what evidence will be called is a crucial tactic in any case in the adversarial system and hence it might be said that it is a lawyer's manipulation of the truth.

This conceptualization is very broad, and should not be confused with how " cognitive " is used in some traditions of analytic philosophy, where " cognitive " has to do only with formal rules and truth conditional semantics.

This concept of asha versus the druj should not be confused with the good-versus-evil battle evident in western religions, for although both forms of opposition express moral conflict, the asha versus druj concept is more systemic and less personal, representing, for instance, chaos ( that opposes order ); or " uncreation ", evident as natural decay ( that opposes creation ); or more simply " the lie " ( that opposes truth, righteousness ).

The term kino pravda, though it translates as " film truth ", is not to be confused with the cinéma vérité movement in documentary film, which also translates as " film truth ".

Justificationism is what Popper called a " subjectivist " view of truth, in which the question of whether some statement is true, is confused with the question of whether it can be justified ( established, proven, verified, warranted, made well-founded, made reliable, grounded, supported, legitimated, based on evidence ) in some way.

And because pragmatic ideas about truth are often confused with a number of quite distinct notions, it is useful to say a few words about these other theories, and to highlight the points of significant contrast.

In many of its WNTD themes and related publicity-materials, the WHO emphasizes the idea of “ truth .” Theme titles such as “ Tobacco kills, don ’ t be duped ” ( 2000 ) and “ Tobacco: deadly in any form or disguise ” ( 2006 ) indicate a WHO belief that individuals may be misled or confused about the true nature of tobacco ; the rationale for the 2000 and 2008 WNTD themes identify the marketing strategies and “ illusions ” created by the tobacco industry as a primary source of this confusion.

The Apocryphon of John begins as Jesus comes to Apostle John who seems lost and confused about the truth of Christianity and its actual legitimacy.

In predicate logic universal instantiation ( UI, also called universal specification, and sometimes confused with Dictum de omni ) is a valid rule of inference from a truth about each member of a class of individuals to the truth about a particular individual of that class.

Degrees of truth are often confused with probabilities, although they are conceptually distinct, because fuzzy truth represents membership in vaguely defined sets, not likelihood of some event or condition.

Wilson states, however, that this belief system does not necessarily have any objective truth, which highlights his main point: that all such models — whether spiritual or scientific — are just that: models, or maps, of the world, and they should not be confused with an objective, permanent reality.

In the autobiography, he still offers praise to Muhammad when describing his life in his own country ; his references to " Jesus the Messiah " in fact parallel Quranic descriptions of Jesus ( who is called المسيح ' the Messiah ' a total of 11 times in the Quran ), and descriptions of Jesus as ' our lord / master ' ( سيدنا ) employ the typical Islamic honorific for prophets and is not to be confused with Lord ( رب ّ); and description of Jesus as ' bringing grace and truth ' ( a reference to John 1: 14 ) is equally appropriate to the conception of Jesus in Islam.

Arda Viraf is chosen for his piety to undertake a journey to the next world in order to prove the truth of Zoroastrian beliefs, after a period when the land of Iran had been troubled by the presence of confused and alien religions.