Also some Christian champions like El Cid were contracted by Taifa kings to fight against their neighbours.

During the ages of the Taifa kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula, Christian knights like El Cid could fight for some Muslim ruler against his Christian or Muslim enemies.

Ramiro's first attempt to take Graus, the northernmost Muslim outpost in the valley of the Cinca, took place in 1055, probably in response to the defeat of García Sánchez III of Navarre at Atapuerca the year before ( 1054 ), which placed Ferdinand I of León and Castile in a commanding position against Ramiro's western border and the Muslim Taifa of Zaragoza to his south.

In 1144, another Christian convert and Sufi mystic from Silves, Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi, called ibn Qasi, rose and extablished a Taifa state at Mértola, expanding it to much of southern Portugal, and he encouraged the successful move of the Almohads ( to whom he would submit ) against Seville.

Two other Taifa crowns were ruled by men with names reminiscent of the Banu Qasi and are claimed as dynastic members, although the precise connection, if any, is unknown.

Apart from Daily Nation, the Nation Media Group owns a television station ( NTV ), a radio station ( Easy FM ) and other newspapers including the weekly The EastAfrican, a daily business paper, The Business Daily, the Swahili language daily Taifa Leo and the Ugandan daily The Monitor.

Of the Taifa states only Zaragoza, Majorca, and Albarracin remain independent.

Under Ibn al-Aftas ' successors, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Muzzaffar ( 1045 – 1065 ) and his two sons ' Umar ibn Muhammad al-Mutawakkil ( 1065-1094 in Évora ) and Yahya ibn Muhammad al-Mansur ( 1065-1072 in Badajoz ), the Taifa of Badajoz not only controlled large expanses of western Spain and Portugal, but was also a major centre of Islamic culture, which was fostered by the Aftasid rulers.

After his son's death, the caliphate plunged into a civil war and splintered into the so-called " Taifa Kingdoms ".

Navarre had joined in the Christian coalition that defeated and killed Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir in 1002, leading to civil war that eventually resulted in the dissolution of the Córdoba Caliphate, replacing the dominant power on the peninsula with a collection of ineffectual Taifa states and freeing Navarre from the continual campaigns and tribute.

He was also referred to as Baba wa Taifa ( Father of the Nation ).

The Zirids are also known as a dynasty of the Taifa of Granada kingdom.

After a brief period of disintegration ( second Taifa period ), the rising power in North Africa, the Almohads, took over most of Al-Andalus.

Then he journeyed to the Taifa of Zaragoza where he received a warmer welcome.

Andalusian Knights found El Cid their foe ill, thirsty and exiled from the court of Alfonso, he was presented before the elderly Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud and accepted command of the forces of the Taifa of Zaragoza as their Master.

El Cid had probably commanded a large Moorish force during the Battle of Sagrajas, which took place in 1086, near the Taifa of Badajoz.

* 1231-After the collapse of the Almohad Empire, Gibraltar was taken by Ibn Hud, Taifa emir of Murcia.

The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north and, after the loss of Toledo in 1085, the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.

Then, once he had secured the Borders, King Alfonso conquered the powerful Taifa kingdom of Toledo in 1085.

Between Almanzor's death and 1031, Al-Andalus suffered many civil wars which ended in the appearance of the Taifa Kingdoms.

After 1022, it became the capital of a small Muslim kingdom, the Taifa of Badajoz ; at the time Badajoz had some 25, 000 inhabitants.

Majorca came under rule by the Taifa of Dénia, and from 1087 to 1114 was an independent Taifa during that period the island was visited by Ibn Hazm.

The Banu Hud of Taifa of Saraqusta resisted the Almoravid dynasty.

In the Taifa of Zaragoza Christian infanzon exiled of Castilla El Cid with his supporters ( Mesnada ) offer their service to Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud.

He accepted the command of Taifa of Zaragoza and swore their allegiance to the Moorish Muslim king of the northeast Al-Andalus city of Zaragoza, Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud.

El Cid probably commanded a large Moorish force during the great Battle of Sagrajas, which took place in 1086, near the Taifa of Badajoz.

That same year, while he was besieging Huesca, Peter defeated the relief forces of the Taifa of Zaragoza at the Battle of Alcoraz.

In 1294 Sancho IV retook the Taifa of Granada, key to the control of the Straits of Gibraltar.

The Thenashara Taifa ( or Twelve Nations ) Swahili lineages recount this ancient history today and are the keepers of local Swahili traditions.

The Saqaliba managed to free themselves and run the Taifa which extended its reach as far as the islands of Majorca and its capitol Medina Mayurqa.

The Saqaliba Taifa lost its independence in 1076, when it was captured by Ahmad al-Muqtadir, lord of Zaragoza, under which it remained until the Almoravid invasion in 1091.

U. S. A: Nyimbo Ya Taifa ya Burundi

Traditional Hinduism is said by some writers to have competed in political and spiritual realm with Buddhism in the gangetic plains while Buddhism flourished in the realms of the Bactrian kings.

The Konbaung kings fathered numerous children, creating a huge extended royal family which formed the power base of the dynasty and competed over influence at the royal court.

In 728 and 729, four kings competed for power in Pictland: Drest ; Nechtan ; Alpín, of whom little is known ; and lastly Óengus, who was a partisan of Nechtan, and perhaps his acknowledged heir.

The latter king seems to have fought a sea battle against 32 kings who had gathered against him.

Instead, it is put in parallel with chapter 4 ( C ) where divine judgements are pronounced against the Babylonian kings.

They are followed by a further wicked king, or " little horn ", who subdues three of the ten ( 7: 24 ), speaks against the Most High, wages war against the saints, and attempts to change the set times and laws ( 7: 25 ); after ' a time and times and half a time ', this king is judged and stripped of his kingdom by an " Ancient of Days " and his heavenly court ( 7: 26 ); next, " one like a son of man " approaches the Ancient of Days and is invested with worldwide dominion ; moreover, his everlasting reign over all kings and kingdoms is shared with " the people of the Most High " ( 7: 27 )

Next comes the main text (), six stories each concerning a major judge and their struggles against the oppressive kings of surrounding nations, plus the story of Abimelech, an Israelite who oppresses his own people.

But only when a more centralized English monarchy emerged following the Norman invasion, and when the kings of England attempted to assert power over the land and its peoples, did the modern concept emerge, namely of a crime not only as an offence against the " individual ", but also as a wrong against the " State ".

" 19: 14 Revelation continues: " I saw the beast, the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him who sat on the horse and against his army.

* rokosz, the right of rebellion against kings who did not rule in accordance with their pledge

The annal for 577 reads " Here Cuthwine and Ceawlin fought against the Britons, and they killed three kings, Coinmail and Condidan and Farinmail, in the place which is called Dyrham, and took three cities: Gloucester and Cirencester and Bath.

The Parliament of England had its roots in the restrictions on the power of kings written into Magna Carta, which explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered – and implicitly supported what became English writ of habeas corpus, safeguarding individual freedom against unlawful imprisonment with right to appeal.

Now the Frankish kings were set up as protectors of the pope, and Charles the Great launched a decades-long military campaign against their heathen rivals, the Saxons and the Avars.

While the French kings were struggling against the Plantagenets, the Church called for the Albigensian Crusade.

Internally, the kingdom was divided among Clovis ' sons and later among his grandsons and frequently saw war between the different kings, who quickly allied among themselves and against one another.

The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the Christian kings of Denmark and Sweden, the German Livonian and Teutonic military orders, and their allies against the pagan peoples of Northern Europe around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.

According to Nithard's version, both kings first made the same preamble speech, which was a detailed complaint against Lothair.

Most threatening, however, was the ascendancy of Assyria, which was beginning to expand westward from Mesopotamia: the Battle of Qarqar ( 853 BC ), which pitted Shalmaneser III of Assyria against a coalition of local kings, including Ahab, was the first clash between Assyria and Israel.

As medieval Spanish kings often could not offer adequate protection, protective municipal leagues began to emerge in the 12th century against bandits and other rural criminals, and against the lawless nobility or to support one or another claimant to the crown.

Nor could he enlist the kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufens.

John Locke, on the other hand, who gave us Two Treatises of Government and who did not believe in the divine right of kings either, sided with Aquinas and stood against both Machiavelli and Hobbes by accepting Aristotle's dictum that man seeks to be happy in a state of social harmony as a social animal.

Romantic nationalism, which had begun as a revolt against " foreign " kings and overlords, had come full circle, and was being used to make the case for a " Greater Germany " which would rule over Europe.