In Talmudic literature, there is evidence that this is the first book of the Tanakh taught in the Rabbinic system of education in Talmudic times.

However, Talmudic literature shows that evidence of Jewish prayers to angels and other intermediaries existed in the 1st century CE, and several examples of post-Talmudic prayers exist, including a familiar piyyut ( liturgical song ) entitled " Usherers of Mercy ," recited before and after Rosh Hashanah in Selichot ( Jewish penitential prayers ).

Over the last two centuries, attempts have been made to identify the ancient source of the dye by comparing Talmudic sources to physical evidence.

Abba Mari possessed considerable Talmudic knowledge and some poetical talent ; but his zeal for the Law made him an agitator and a persecutor of all the advocates of liberal thought.

In 1965, he founded the Israel Institute for Talmudic Publications and began his monumental work on the Talmud, including translation into Hebrew, English, Russian, and various other languages.

Within Talmudic literature, Jewish law is divided into the six orders of the Mishnah, which are categories by proximate subject matter: Zeraim (" Seeds ") for agricultural laws and prayer, Moed (" Festival "), for the Sabbath and the Festivals, Nashim (" Women "), dealing primarily with marriage and divorce, Nezikin (" Damages "), for civil and criminal law, Kodashim (" Holy things "), for sacrifices and the dietary laws, and Tohorot (" Purities ") for ritual purity.

For instance, he does not hesitate to reproach the rabbis of his day for their general neglect not only of the thorough study, but even of the obligatory perusal, of the Bible, charging them with a preference for Talmudic dialectics.

In the Talmudic era the title mashiach or מלך המשיח, ( in the Tiberian vocalization pronounced ), literally meaning " the anointed King ", is referred to the human Jewish leader and king who will redeem Israel in the end of days and who will usher in a messianic era of peace and prosperity for both the living and the deceased.

* Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the Maharal, important Talmudic scholar, Jewish mystic, and philosopher who served as a leading rabbi in Prague ( now in the Czech Republic ) for most of his life

The responsum invoked the Talmudic principle of kavod habriyot, which the authors translated as " human dignity ", as authority for this approach.

His translation technique utilizes a " Harvard-outline " format which attempts to make the argument flow of Rabbinic texts easier to understand for those unfamiliar with Talmudic reasoning.

* Resources > Second Temple and Talmudic Era > Flavius Josephus The Jewish History Resource Center — Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Orthodox Jewish authorities had little difficulty with the issue, because based on Talmudic sources virtually all agreed that grape juice was an acceptable substitute,, though some questioned whether it was acceptable for the Passover seder.

In some words in Hebrew there is a choice of whether to use a mater lectionis or not, and in modern printed texts matres lectionis are sometimes used even for short vowels, which is considered to be grammatically incorrect, though instances are found as far back as Talmudic times.

This center houses the Schocken Center for Jewish Research, and the Saul Lieberman Institute for Talmudic Research.

* Saul Lieberman Institute for Talmudic Research

Menachem Begin was born to Zeev Dov and Hassia Biegun in Brest-Litovsk ( Brest ), a town then part of the Russian Empire which was known for its Talmudic scholars.

However, other Talmudic commentaries ( Tosafot ) say that such liquids only produce a leavening reaction within flour if they themselves have had water added to them and otherwise the dough they produce is completely permissible for consumption during Passover, whether or not made according to the laws applying to matzot.

Perhaps in our generation the counsel of our Talmudic sages may seem superfluous, for today the story of our enslavement in Egypt is kept alive not only by ritualistic symbolism, but even more so by tragic realism.

Emden argued that the Zohar misquotes passages of Scripture ; misunderstands the Talmud ; contains some ritual observances which were ordained by later rabbinical authorities ; mentions The Crusades against Muslims ( who did not exist in the 2nd century ); uses the expression " esnoga ," a Portuguese term for " synagogue "; and gives a mystical explanation of the Hebrew vowel-points, which were not introduced until long after the Talmudic period.

The word for a heretic in the Talmudic literature is " Apiqoros " ( אפיקורוס ), and Epicurus is titled in Modern Greek idiom as the " Dark Philosopher ".

The entrance requirements for an Orthodox yeshiva include a strong background within Jewish law, liturgy, Talmudic study, and attendant languages ( e. g., Hebrew, Aramaic and in some cases Yiddish ).

The honorific " Hasid " was frequently used as a term of exceptional respect in the Talmudic and early medieval periods.

Weber's premature death in 1920 prevented him from following his planned analysis of Psalms, the Book of Job, Talmudic Jewry, early Christianity and Islam.

In all these works it was his object to show that the exegesis of the Alexandrian Jews, and with it that of the early Church Fathers, was dependent on Talmudic exegesis.

Shneur Zalman fought against the perception that was prevalent in the early years of Hasidism that the movement neglected Talmudic study by focusing too heavily on mysticism and obscurantism.

The Talmudic usage of herem, for excommunication, can be distinguished from the usage of herem described in the Tanakh in the time of Joshua and the early Hebrew monarchy, which was the practice of consecration by total annihilation at the command of Yahweh carried out against peoples such as the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the entire population of Jericho.

However, this longer period is in contradiction to early Mishnaic and Talmudic statements.

Hai Gaon was the head of the Talmudic Academy of Pumbedita during the era of the Abbasid Caliphate, where the modern city of Fallujah, Iraq is located. Hai ben Sherira ( or Hai b. Sherira ( Gaon ), Hebrew: האי גאון בר שרירא ; better known as Hai Gaon, Hebrew: האיי גאון ), was a medieval Jewish theologian, rabbi and scholar who served as Gaon of the Talmudic academy of Pumbedita during the early 11th century.

He received his Talmudic education from his father, Sherira ben Hanina, and in early life acted as his assistant in teaching.

This belief dates back at least to the early Talmudic period.

Its early origins, however, are western i. e. from the Land of Israel, and the Talmudic tradition attributes its authorship to Jonathan ben Uzziel.

He was born in Schippenbeil, East Prussia, the son of an orthodox rabbi, and in early life was exposed to both the classic Talmudic education and to the secular learning of the Realgymnasium of Würzburg, Bavaria.

Geonim (; also transliterated Gaonim ) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian, Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders of the Jewish community world wide in the early medieval era, in contrast to the Resh Galuta ( Exilarch ) who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands.

Weber's premature death in 1920 prevented him from following Ancient Judaism with his planned analysis of Psalms, Book of Jacob, Talmudic Jewry, early Christianity and Islam.

* Hamnuna ( early 4th century CE amora, Talmudic sage ).

Traditionally, part of the early opposition of the Talmudic focused Mitnagdim, centred in Lithuania, was their fear that Hasidism demoted the traditional importance on Torah study, from its pre-eminent status in Jewish life.

However, in all early Hebrew or Aramaic sources, the name " Jesus "/" Jeshua " actually appears as yod-shin-waw -` ayin ישוע Yeshua ( or as the related longer form of the same name, yod-he-waw-shin -` ayin יהושע " Joshua "; or as the intentionally altered derogatory Talmudic variant yod-shin-waw ישו Yeshu ), so that the Renaissance speculations were incorrect.

His father, Eleazar Löw, instructed him in Talmudic literature, and at an early age he became rabbi of a Polish congregation.

In North America, four entities that accredit religious schools in particular are recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation: Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools, Association for Biblical Higher Education, Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, and Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools.

During this time the Talmudic thesis of a Jewish people in exile evolved, even as Imperial Christian degrees laid further burdens of taxation, discrimination and social exclusion on Jews in the land and without.

Elsewhere he has pointed out that Talmudic passages referring to Jesus had been deleted by the Christian censor.

It gradually came to supplant the native languages of the region, but due to its wide geographic distribution and political circumstances, it soon evolved into two major sub-families — the Western sub-family, comprising Palestinian Talmudic, Christian Palestinian, and Samaritan, and the Eastern sub-family, comprising Late Babylonian, Syriac, and Mandaic.

Likewise a similar spectrum exists regarding the references to Jesus in the Talmud from, on the one hand, scholars like Maier ( 1978 ) who sees insertions of the name " Yeshu " into the Talmud as later interpolations in Reaktion " to Christian " Provokation ," and on the other those such as Joseph Klausner ( 1925 ) who argued that there were traces of the historical Jesus visible in Talmudic traditions.

The story of the wonder-stone is not found in the Syriac Christian legend, but is found in Jewish Talmudic traditions about Alexander as well as in Persian traditions.

Donin provides a secondary argument to this lack of preservation by stating that the Rabbis are continually changing the Bible through their Talmudic interpretation, and once again proving to the Christian audience that the Jews no longer perform their designated role, and hence should have their protection removed.

The work was printed with annexes or reputed Talmudic magic names, words and incantation, many taken from Christian biblical passages.

Most texts are reputed to be Hebrew, passed to the editors through European Talmudic scholars or Christian Medieval ecclesiastics who were privy to secret Biblical texts.