Under French law ( the Toubon Law ), it is illegal for commercial signage to be in Breton alone ; it must be bilingual or else in French alone.

Jacques Toubon is known for the controversial so-called Toubon Law, enforcing the use of the French language in official French government publications, and advertisements published in France.

* Toubon Law

The government, furthermore, mandates that commercial advertising be available in French ( though it can also use other languages ); see Toubon Law.

# REDIRECT Toubon Law

See the Toubon Law.

The Toubon Law ( full name: law 94-665 of 4 August 1994 relating to usage of the French language ), is a law of the French government mandating the use of the French language in official government publications, in all advertisements, in all workplaces, in commercial contracts, in some other commercial communication contexts, in all government-financed schools, and some other contexts.

In the mid-1990s, soon after the Toubon Law came into force, two French lobbying groups, the Association pour la Défense de la Langue Française and the L ' Avenir de la Langue Française, filed a complaint against Georgia Tech Lorraine, which is a French branch of Georgia Institute of Technology, a large American university.

The complaint invoked the Toubon Law to demand that the school's web site must be in French because the web site was effectively a commercial advertisement for the school's courses.

# REDIRECT Toubon Law

* Toubon Law, relating to the use of the French language

The Toubon law, from the name of the conservative culture minister who promoted it, makes it mandatory to use French in advertisements directed to the general public.

The Ministry of Jacques Toubon was notable for a number of laws ( the " Toubon Laws ") enacted for the preservation of the French language, both in advertisements ( all ads must include a French translation of foreign words ) and on the radio ( 40 % of songs on French radio stations must be in French ), ostensibly in reaction to the presence of English.

Jacques Toubon ( born 29 June 1941 in Nice, France ) is a right-wing French politician who held several major national and Parisian offices.

There is some opposition to the Loi Toubon mandating the use of French ( or at least a translation into French ) in commercial advertising and packaging, as well as in some other contexts.

A similar restriction, though implemented by primary legislation regulations and not as application of the Loi Toubon, applies to product labeling: product labels should be intelligible and in French, though additional languages may be present.

Under the Toubon law, schools that do not use French as the medium of instruction are ineligible for government funding.

Since the law can largely be described as being hostile to English, Jacques Toubon is sometimes referred to, jokingly, as " Mr Allgood " (" All Good " being a translation of " Tout bon ").

Jacques Toubon is also remembered for the " helicopter affair ".

A nickname is Loi Allgood – " Allgood " is a morpheme-for-morpheme translation of " Toubon " into English (" All Good " being a translation of " Tout bon ") – as the law can largely be considered to have been enacted in reaction to the increasing usage of English in advertisements and other areas in France.

France is the origin of two laws, or decrees, concerning language: the Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts ( 1239 ), which says that every document in France should be written in French ( i. e. not in Latin nor Occitan ) and the French Loi Toubon, which aims at eliminating Anglicisms from official documents.

In 1981, after the defeat of the conservatives in legislative elections, finding the RPR too moderate, and realizing that not being a graduate from the École Nationale d ' Administration like Jacques Toubon or Jean-François Mancel or Alain Juppé was slowing down his political career in the Rassemblement pour la République, he went on to create the Comités d ' Action Républicaine ( CAR ).

The law takes its common name from Jacques Toubon who was Minister of Culture when it was passed and who proposed the law to the National Assembly of France.

Toubon may refer to:

Jacques Toubon has been the topic of much lampooning.

In 2006 the French subsidiary of the US company General Electric Medical Systems was fined € 500, 000 plus an ongoing fine of € 20, 000 per day for not complying with the Toubon law.

Category: Law enforcement in communist states

The " Law of Supply " states that, in general, a rise in price leads to an expansion in supply and a fall in price leads to a contraction in supply.

West's Encyclopedia of American Law states that " a ' mercy killing ' or euthanasia is generally considered to be a criminal homicide " and is normally used as a synonym of homicide committed at a request made by the patient.

Ampere's Law roughly states that ' a changing electric field creates a magnetic field '.

Dalton's Law of partial pressure states that the pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all of the constituent gases alone.

The Code of Ethics of the European Franchising Federation is self-enforced in seventeen European states where their national franchise associations are members of the European Franchise Federation ( EFF ) and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law UNIDROIT.

Tensions over the Aegean Sea surfaced again in November 1994, when Greece claimed under the Law of the Sea Treaty states, which Turkey has not signed, that it reserved the right to declare an expansion of its continental shelf from around its Aegean islands.

In accordance with Article 151 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong concluded over 20 agreements with foreign states in 2010 on matters such as economic and financial co-operation, maritime technical co-operation, postal co-operation and co-operationon wine-related businesses.

:: Example 1 ( parliamentary republic ): Article 59 ( 1 ) of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany states:

Once the five " reestablished federal states " in the east had been united with the west, the Basic Law was amended again to show that there were no other parts of Germany, which existed outside of the unified territory, that had not acceded.

Article 3 of the Basic Law of the Palestinian Authority, which was ratified in 2002 by the Palestinian National Authority and serves as an interim constitution, states that " Jerusalem is the capital of Palestine.

The idea of universal jurisdiction is fundamental to the operation of global organizations such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to states ( the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of " universal jurisdiction " is not the same as that enacted in the War Crimes Law ( Belgium ) which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of public policy ).

In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's Law, states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

Law 41. 5 states " At the instant of the bowler's delivery there shall not be more than two fielders, other than the wicket-keeper, behind the popping crease on the on side ," commonly referred to as being " behind square leg ".

Although the Basic Law states that the Macau SAR government may " when necessary " ask the central government to allow the garrison to assist in maintaining public order or disaster relief, Chief Executive Ho has said that, in keeping with the Basic Law the garrison will play no role in internal security.

The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as " Inheritance Law ", states that separate genes for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring.

Public Law 93-380, enacted 21 Aug 1974, states that it is the policy of the U. S. to encourage educational agencies and institutions to prepare students to use the metric system of measurement with ease and facility as a part of the regular education program.

Ramón y Cajal also postulated the Law of Dynamic Polarization, which states that a neuron receives signals at its dendrites and cell body and transmits them, as action potentials, along the axon in one direction: away from the cell body.

The Code of Canon Law 332 § 2 states, " If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it is required for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone.

This led to the U. S. Congress to enact the Public Law 81-600 which led to the Congressional approval of a local constitution drafted by a constitutional assembly elected by Puerto Rico and the renaming of the United States unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, using the same official name as the commonwealths of the U. S. states of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Virginia, as well as that of other sovereign nation countries such as Australia.

The Seattle University School of Law states that it is the largest and most diverse in the Pacific Northwest.

In time, Boyle's Law was formulated, which states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional.