The dialogue often contrasts so strongly with the mythical and heroic setting, it looks as if Euripides aimed at parody, as for example in The Trojan Women, where the heroine's rationalized prayer provokes comment from Menelaus:

The Trojan Women for example is a powerfully disturbing play on the theme of war's horrors, apparently critical of Athenian imperialism ( it was composed in the aftermath of the Melian massacre and during the preparations for the Sicilian Expedition ) yet it features the comic exchange between Menelaus and Hecuba quoted above and the chorus considers Athens, the " blessed land of Theus ", to be a desirable refugesuch complexity and ambiguity are typical both of his ' patriotic ' and ' anti-war ' plays.

P contains all the extant plays of Euripides, L is missing The Trojan Women and latter part of The Bacchae.

He seems not to have used it in his early plays at all, The Trojan Women being the earliest appearance of it in an extant play-it's symptomatic of a curious archaizing tendency evident in his later works.

* The Trojan Women / Les Troyennes ( 1965 )

Euripides also expressed strong anti-war ideas in his work, especially The Trojan Women.

Menelaus appears as a character in a number of 5th-century Greek tragedies: Sophocles ' Ajax, and Euripides ' Andromache, Helen, Orestes, Iphigenia at Aulis, and The Trojan Women.

* Patrick Magee portrayed Menelaus in the 1971 film of The Trojan Women.

In Euripides ' play Trojan Women, written in 415 B. C., the god Poseidon proclaims, “ For, from his home beneath Parnassus, Phocian Epeus, aided by the craft of Pallas, framed a horse to bear within its womb an armed host, and sent it within the battlements, fraught with death ; whence in days to come men shall tell of ' the wooden horse ,' with its hidden load of warriors .”

* In 1971, Michael Cacoyannis directed a film version of The Trojan Women in which Helen is played by Irene Papas.

Highlights of Redgrave's early film career include her first starring role in Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment ( for which she earned an Oscar nomination, a Cannes award, a Golden Globe nomination and a BAFTA Film Award nomination ); her portrayal of a cool London swinger in 1966's Blowup ; her spirited portrayal of dancer Isadora Duncan in Isadora ( for which she won a National Society of Film Critics ' Award for Best Actress, a second Prize for the Best Female Performance at the Cannes Film Festival, along with a Golden Globe and Oscar nomination in 1969 ); and various portrayals of historical figures – ranging from Andromache in The Trojan Women, to Mary, Queen of Scots in the film of the same name.

Euripedes, conversely, used plays to challenge societal norms and mores — a hallmark of much of Western literature for the next 2, 300 years and beyond — and his works such as Medea, The Bacchae and The Trojan Women are still notable for their ability to challenge our perceptions of propriety, gender, and war.

* Euripides ' play The Trojan Women is performed shortly after the massacre by Athenians of the male population of Melos.

* Troades ( The Trojan Women )

Hecuba is a main character in two plays by Euripides: The Trojan Women and Hecuba.

* Hecuba and The Trojan Women, plays by Euripides

* Euripides, " Trojan Women "

According to Euripides, however, in his plays The Trojan Women and Hecuba, Polyxena's famous death was caused at the end of the Trojan War.

Mentioned briefly in Euripides ' plays Trojan Women and Hecuba, simply stating that Andromache, wife of Hector, was his promised spear bride.

The Trojan Women.

In Euripides ' The Trojan Women, Andromache despairs at the murder of her son Astyanax and is then given to Neoptolemus as a concubine.

Aomawa Baker ( Andromache ) in Euripides ' The Trojan Women, directed by Brad Mays at the ARK Theatre Company in Los Angeles, 2003

She was portrayed by Vanessa Redgrave in the 1971 film version of Euripides ' The Trojan Women, and by Saffron Burrows in the 2004 film Troy.

Homer's Iliad describes Greek and Trojan soldiers offering rewards of wealth to enemies who have defeated them on the battlefield in exchange for mercy, but this is not always accepted.

The Roman poet Ovid describes the Greeks of the Trojan War as Pelasgians in his Metamorphoses:

* In his Turing Award lecture, Ken Thompson mentions " hacking " and describes a security exploit that he calls a " Trojan horse ".

The tales told in the Cycle are recounted by other ancient sources, notably Virgil's Aeneid ( book 2 ) which recounts the sack of Troy from a Trojan perspective ; Ovid's Metamorphoses ( books 13 – 14 ), which describes the Greeks ' landing at Troy ( from the Cypria ) and the judgment of Achilles ' arms ( Little Iliad ); Quintus of Smyrna's Posthomerica, which narrates the events after Achilles ' death up until the end of the war ; and the death of Agamemnon and the vengeance taken by his son Orestes ( the Nostoi ) are the subject of later Greek tragedy, especially Aeschylus's Oresteian trilogy.

The English literary use of the phrase comes from Horace's Ars Poetica, where he describes his ideal epic poet as one who " does not begin the Trojan War from the double egg " ( nec gemino bellum Troianum orditur ab ouo ), the absolute beginning of events, the earliest possible chronological point, but snatches the listener into the middle of things ( in medias res ).

The historian Thucydides describes the Lelantine War as exceptional, the only war in Greece between the mythical Trojan War and the Persian Wars of the early fifth century BC in which allied cities rather than single ones were involved.

Similarly, Henry Purcell wrote the opera " Dido and Aeneas ", which is based on themes from Classical Antiquity and is set in the immediate aftermath of the Trojan War ; yet, he provided Dido ( Queen of Carthage ) with a sister called " Belinda "-a name which is probably of Germanic origin and certainly did not exist before the Middle Ages.

The drama is ultimately based on the play Iphigenia in Tauris by the ancient Greek dramatist Euripides which deals with stories concerning the family of Agamemnon in the aftermath of the Trojan War.

Writing during the time of Augustus, Virgil has his hero give a first-person account of the fall of Troy in the second of the Aeneid's twelve books ; the Trojan Horse, which does not appear in " The Iliad ", became legendary from Virgil's account.

The Nymphs also planted elms on the tomb in the Thracian Chersonese of “ great-hearted Protesilaus ’’ (« μεγάθυμου Πρωτεσιλάου »), the first Greek to fall in the Trojan War.

The Prologue is the first section of four books of the Prose Edda, and consists of an euhemerized Christian account of the origins of Nordic mythology: the Nordic gods are described as human Trojan warriors who left Troy after the fall of that city ( an origin similar to the one chosen by Geoffrey of Monmouth in the 12th century to account for the ancestry of the British nation ).

This first night mission demonstrates another side of these two kings where they employed stealth and treachery along with might and bravery but more importantly fulfills one of the prophecies required for the fall of Troy: that Troy will not fall while the horses of Rhesus feed upon its plains ( According to another version of the story, it had been foretold by an oracle that if the stallions of Rhesus were ever to drink from the river Scamander, which cuts across the Trojan plain, then the city of Troy would never fall.

The Greeks charge the Trojan lines but are forced to fall back when they are nearly wiped out by archers on Troy's walls.

In Aeneid Book II, Aeneas names Iphitos among half a dozen Trojan heroes who fight by his side during the fall of Troy.

Odysseus, who is a recurrent figure of interest in the Little Iliad, ambushes the Trojan prophet Helenus and captures him ; Helenus then reveals three new prophecies concerning the preconditions for the Greeks ' conquest of Troy, notably, that the city will not fall while it harbours the Palladium.

The Trojan JROTC program has received the Honor Unit With Distinction ranking, the highest honor a school can receive five times, in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007 and 2008, the award is given in fall after thorough inspection and examination of the JROTC program and its members.

Consequently, one reading of the play, especially from a patriarchal mindset, would have Euripides place blame for the Trojan War and the fall of the House of Atreus at Helen ’ s feet.

She is one of a few characters who played a major part in the original cause of the Trojan War itself: not only did she offer Helen of Troy to Paris, but the abduction was accomplished when Paris, seeing Helen for the first time, was inflamed with desire to have her — which is Aphrodite's realm.

The most recent cinematic portrayal of Aeneas was in the film Troy, in which he appears as a youth charged by Paris to protect the Trojan refugees, and to continue the ideals of the city and its people.

When Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was abducted by Paris of Troy, Agamemnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the ensuing Trojan War.

The Trojan War is supposed by many to have occurred at the height of the Mycenaean civilization ( see discussion of Troy VII ), roughly the point at which this palace appears to have been abandoned.

Ahhiya ( wa ) has been identified with the Achaeans of the Trojan War and the city of Wilusa with the legendary city of Troy ( note the similarity with early Greek Wilion, later Ilion, the name of the acropolis of Troy ).

Later Greek myths also say that Helen had spent the time of the Trojan War in Egypt, and not at Troy, and that after Troy the Greeks went there to recover her.

When the Greek fleet was preparing at Aulis to depart for Troy to begin the Trojan War, Artemis becalmed the winds.

While Cassandra foresaw the destruction of Troy ( she warned the Trojans about the Trojan Horse, the death of Agamemnon, and her own demise ), she was unable to do anything to forestall these tragedies since no one believed her.

The ancient city of Troy was located near the western entrance of the strait and the strait's Asiatic shore was the focus of the Trojan War.

In Greek mythology, Hectōr (), or Hektōr, was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War.

Before the Trojan War, Poseidon sent a sea monster to attack Troy.

For this action, Philoctetes or Poeas received Heracles ' bow and arrows, which were later needed by the Greeks to defeat Troy in the Trojan War.

The Trojan War, however, would continue until the Trojan Horse was used to defeat Troy.

* 1184 BC – Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes.

The Greeks ' expedition to retrieve Helen from Paris in Troy is the mythological basis of the Trojan War.

* Trojan Nymphs ( Local springs of Troy )

In vengeance, before the Trojan War, Poseidon sent a sea monster to attack Troy.

Priam (, Greek Πρίαμος Priamos ) was the king of Troy during the Trojan War and youngest son of Laomedon.

In his Encomium to Helen, Gorgias even applied rhetoric to fiction by seeking for his own pleasure to prove the blamelessness of the mythical Helen of Troy in starting the Trojan War.

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans ( Greeks ) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus king of Sparta.