He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy as an engineer officer in 1958, from the Army Staff College in 1970 and from the Armed Forces College in 1971.

He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the Turkish Armed Forces, then appointed commander of the Turkish First Army, in Istanbul.

* Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Distinguished Service ( 1995 )

* Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit ( 1996 )

* 1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.

In the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, and United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, as well as in all branches of the British Armed Forces, Polish Armed Forces, Canadian Forces, Turkish Armed Forces, Swedish Armed Forces, Norwegian Armed Forces, and Hellenic Armed Forces, Russian and all former Soviet republic forces, hand salutes are only given when a cover ( protection for the head, usually a hat ) is worn.

The Army's statement ended with a clear warning that the Turkish Armed Forces stood ready to intervene if the secular nature of the Turkish Constitution is compromised, stating that " the Turkish Armed Forces maintain their sound determination to carry out their duties stemming from laws to protect the unchangeable characteristics of the Republic of Turkey.

Turkey will build new military / intelligence satellites including a 0. 8m resolution reconnaissance satellite ( Project Göktürk-1 ) for use by the Turkish Armed Forces and a 2m resolution reconnaissance satellite ( Project Göktürk-2 ) for use by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization.

Standard of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Armed Forces.

General Hilmi Özkök ( born 1940 in Turgutlu, Manisa Province ) was the 24th Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces.

* Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Honor

* Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Distinguished Service

* August 22 – Forces of Venice and Turkish troops clash near Molino.

The operation was composed of elements of the United States 10th Mountain Division, 101st Airborne Division, TF Rakkasan, B Co. 159th Avn Rgt, 75th Ranger Regiment, the US Special Operation Forces groups to include elements of forces from USSOCOM, JSOC and CIA's Special Activities Division, TF 11, TF Bowie, and TF Dagger, British Royal Marines, Canada's 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, and Joint Task Force 2, the Afghan National Army, the German KSK, the Turkish Maroon Berets, the Norwegian FSK and Marinejegerkommandoen, and elements of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment, the New Zealand Special Air Service and Danish special forces from Jægerkorpset and the Danish Frogman Corps.

The TAF still maintains an important degree of influence over Turkish politics and the decision making process regarding issues related to Turkish national security, albeit decreased in the past decades, via the National Security Council.

The term of psychosexual disorder ( Turkish: Psikoseksüel bozukluk ) used by the TAF for homosexuality as a reason to ban the LGBT people from military service.

However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.

Almost 80 % of the people currently residing in Anatolia are Turkish.

* 1898 – 700 Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.

Again, this difference is much more obvious to a Turkish speaker, for whom and are separate phonemes, than to an English speaker, for whom they are allophones of a single phoneme.

His relics, now consisting of only his skull, are venerated in the Church of St. Titus, Heraklion, Crete to which it was returned in 1966 after being removed to Venice during the Turkish occupation.

The two mountain ranges run generally parallel to the Taurus Mountains on the Turkish mainland, the outlines of which are visible from northern Cyprus.

Vasea of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many customs but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.

Greek is predominantly spoken in the South, where the majority are Greek Cypriots, Turkish in the north, where the majority are Turkish Cypriots

Unlike Turkish, Gagauz also has the letters Ä, Ê Ș and Ț. Ș and Ț are derived from the Romanian alphabet for the same sounds.

In Turkish each of these are separate letters, rather than versions of other letters, where dotted capital İ and lower case i are the same letter, as are dotless capital I and lowercase ı. Typographically, Ç and Ş are often rendered with a subdot, as in ; when a hook is used, it tends to have more a comma shape than the usual cedilla.

The new Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, and Gagauz alphabets are based on the Turkish alphabet and its same diacriticized letters, with some additions.

Under the " independent tribunal " requirement, the Court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6.

Two-handed manual alphabets are used by a number of deaf communities, including England, Scotland, and Wales and countries of the former Yugoslavia and Turkish Sign Language.

For example, the words preservative ( English ), préservatif ( French ), Präservativ ( German ), prezervativ ( Romanian, Czech, Croatian ), preservativ ( Slovenian ), preservativo ( Italian, Spanish, Portuguese ), prezerwatywa ( Polish ), презерватив " prezervativ " ( Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian ), prezervatif ( Turkish ), præservativ ( Danish ), prezervatyvas ( Lithuanian ), Prezervatīvs ( Latvian ) and preservatiu ( Catalan ) are all derived from the Latin word praeservativum.

The largest ethnic group of non-German origin are the Turkish.

The pages of the Italian manuscript are framed in an Islamic style, and contain chapter rubrics and margin notes in ungrammatical Arabic ; with an occasional Turkish word, and many Turkish syntactical features.

-- Turkish political leaders bowed today to military pressure and agreed to form an emergency national front government with Gen. Cemal Gursel as president.

His real name was Muhammad bin Da ' ud Chaghri, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which means " Heroic Lion " in Turkish.

* 1982 – Turkish military diplomat Colonel Atilla Altıkat is shot and killed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada's capital.

During the war, the Azeri armed forces were also aided by Turkish military advisers, and Russian, Ukrainian, Chechen and Afghan mercenaries.

* 1984 – The PKK in Turkey starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the Turkish military with an attack on police and gendarmerie bases in Şemdinli and Eruh

* 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

This was because in 1448, while Skanderbeg was victoriously fighting off the Turkish invasions, three military columns, commanded by Demetrio Reres along with his sons Giorgio and Basilio, were dispatched to help Alfonso V defeat the barons of Naples who had rebelled against him.

* Agha ( Ottoman Empire ), Aga, Agha, or Ağa, an Ottoman Turkish military and administrative rank

Turkey responded by launching a military operation on Cyprus in a move not approved by the other two international guarantor powers, Greece and the United Kingdom using as a pretext the protection of the Turkish minority from Greek militias.

In 1974, following a coup sponsored by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and executed by the Cypriot National Guard the invasion of troops from Turkey ( citing its authority as one of the three guarantor powers established by the Constitution ), the Turkish Cypriots formally set up their own institutions with a popularly-elected separatist president and a Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, exercising joint executive powers.

On April 12, 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the 1997 military memorandum that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Islamist Welfare Party, to step down.

John III Sobieski, fighting protracted wars with the Ottoman Empire, revived the Commonwealth's military might once more, in process helping decisively in 1683 to deliver Vienna from a Turkish onslaught.

Their rule in part of Albania was briefly interrupted in the 15th century, when George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, an Albanian who had served as an Ottoman military officer, renounced Ottoman service, allied with some Albanian chiefs and fought off Turkish rule from 1443-1478.

Turkish mercenaries were used to train the military.

Moseley was shot through the head by a Turkish sniper while in the act of telephoning a military order.

His innovations included the employment of fixed military camps ( with walls ); permanent sieges and " scorched earth " tactics, where soldiers burned everything in their path ; armored horses and riders ; and the use of Berber camelry, Kotoko boatmen, and iron-helmeted musketeers trained by Turkish military advisers.

After training he went to work for the far-right Turkish Grey Wolves, who were at the time destabilizing Turkey, which led to a military coup in 1980.

Piri Reis ( full name Hacı Ahmed Muhiddin Piri-Hadji Ahmed Muhiddin Piri, Ahmet ibn-i el-Haç Mehmet El Karamani ; Reis was a Turkish military rank akin to that of captain ) was an Ottoman admiral, geographer and cartographer born between 1465 and 1470, and died in 1554 or 1555.

The Republic lasted for one year under joint French and Turkish military supervision.

Since Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the modern secular Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Turkish military has perceived itself as the guardian of Atatürkçülük, the official state ideology.