* 1974 – The second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins ; 140, 000 to 200, 000 Greek Cypriots become refugees.

* 1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins — The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 de facto partitioned the island into two political areas: 99. 5 % of Greek Cypriots now live in the Republic of Cyprus, while 98. 7 % of Turkish Cypriots live in Northern Cyprus ( of other nationalities, 99. 2 % live in the Greek Cypriot area in the south ).

The invasion is called " Cyprus Peace Operation " by the Turkish side.

In 1974, following a coup sponsored by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and executed by the Cypriot National Guard the invasion of troops from Turkey ( citing its authority as one of the three guarantor powers established by the Constitution ), the Turkish Cypriots formally set up their own institutions with a popularly-elected separatist president and a Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, exercising joint executive powers.

Its territory, a result of the Turkish invasion of 1974 and whose status remains disputed, extends over the northern third of the island.

The economic achievements of Cyprus during the preceding decades have been significant, bearing in mind the severe economic and social dislocation created by the Turkish invasion of 1974 and the continuing occupation of the northern part of the island by Turkey.

The Turkish invasion inflicted a serious blow to the Cyprus economy and in particular to agriculture, tourism, mining and quarrying: 70 percent of the island ’ s wealth-producing resources were lost, the tourist industry lost 65 percent of its hotels and tourist accommodation, the industrial sector lost 46 percent, and mining and quarrying lost 56 percent of production.

Many historians maintain that the main concern of Pope Urban II, when calling for the First Crusade, was the threat to Constantinople from the Turkish invasion of Asia Minor in response to the appeal of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

Since Turkey's invasion and continued occupation of Cyprus in 1974, following ethnic clashes and turmoil on the island, an administration recognized by Turkey only was declared in 1983 – the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

The invasion came after more than a decade of sporadic intercommunal violence between the island's Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots resulting from the constitutional breakdown of 1963.

* July 20 – Turkish invasion of Cyprus.

* After turning aside south for 15 years to invade the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Persia — united now under Batu Khan with representatives of all 4 khanates leading 150, 000 Mongol, Turkish and Persian troops into Europe, resume the European invasion with the resumption of Mongol invasion of Rus ' foreshadowed by.

Valued as an ally by the Habsburg court, he was nevertheless viewed with extreme distrust and was not able to overall command of all the imperial troops in the face of a Turkish invasion and he did not obtain the means ( food supply and winter accommodation ) necessary for the maintenance of his auxiliary troops.

The northern part of the city functions as the capital of the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a disputed breakaway region whose independence is recognized only by Turkey, and which the rest of the international community considers as occupied territory of the Republic of Cyprus since the Turkish invasion in 1974.

During the Turkish army invasion of Cyprus in 1974, Turkish troops occupied northern Nicosia ( as well as the northern part of Cyprus ).

The second phase of the Turkish invasion was performed on 14 August 1974, where the Turkish army advanced their positions, eventually capturing a total of 37 % of Cypriot territory including the northern part of Nicosia and the cities of Kyrenia and Famagusta.

This is due to the presence of the UK sovereign base at Episkopi and Akrotiri, and to the displacement of the population in Limassol after the Turkish invasion in 1974.

Accordingly, many Greek Cypriots from the north of Cyprus, who became refugees following the Turkish invasion, settled down in Limassol.

Because of continuous Turkish incursions, pestilence, and oppressive Spanish domination taxes, the power of Reggio began to decline during the 16th century.

A person taking a Turkish bath first relaxes in a room ( known as the warm room ) that is heated by a continuous flow of hot, dry air, allowing the bather to perspire freely.

The leftists also are very critical of the party's continuous opposition to the removal of Article 301 of Turkish penal code ; which caused people to be prosecuted for " insulting Turkishness " including Nobel Winner author Orhan Pamuk, Elif Şafak, and the conviction of Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, its attitude towards the minorities in Turkey, as well as its Cyprus policy.

For example, some grammars of Turkish count the-iyor form as a present tense ; some as a progressive tense ; and some as both a continuous ( nonhabitual imperfective ) and a progressive ( continuous non-stative ) aspect.

Negotiations are ongoing with the Turkish, Israeli, Azerbaijani and Ukrainian Chess Federations for staging ACP events as also with three top-100 companies for securing continuous funding to the ACP for expanding its activities.

Another important company in the early era of Turkish cinema was Kemal Film, a company whose continuous presence as a leading import company has been often overseen for a few local films it produced during the 1920s.

Her missions included aiding earthquake victims in Volos Greece in 1955 ; supporting Eastern Mediterranean US coastal operations during the 1956 War between Israel and Egypt, and during the Lebanese crisis in 1958 ; participation in the Cuban Quarantine-Blockade in 1962 ; the pursuit of the hijacked Venezuelan freighter SS Anzoategui in 1963 ; coastal operations off the Dominican Republic and evacuation of American citizens during that county's revolution in 1965 ; participation in the search for the USS Scorpion in 1968 ; shadowing the Soviet Mediterranean Fleet during 1970-71, including intelligence gathering on the new Moskva class Soviet Helo-Guided Missile Cruiser-Carriers, and special operations in the Black Sea ; coastal support operations off Crete during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 ; additional Black Sea operations during her extended 1972-75 deployment ; and continuous escort and defense operations with US carrier task forces in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Mediterranean.

This fact, in combination with the emergent Turkish threat, particularly after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the continuous pirate raids, forced the Venetians to fortify the island.

His relics, now consisting of only his skull, are venerated in the Church of St. Titus, Heraklion, Crete to which it was returned in 1966 after being removed to Venice during the Turkish occupation.

Although opinions differ as to his character there is no dispute over his great achievements: he helped to save the Habsburg Empire from French conquest ; he broke the westward thrust of the Ottomans, liberating central Europe after a century and a half of Turkish occupation ; and he was one of the great patrons of the arts whose building legacy can still be seen in Vienna today.

Prominent issues in Hellenic foreign policy include the claims in the Aegean Sea and Eastern Mediterranean by Turkey, the Turkish occupation of Cyprus, the dispute over the name of the Republic of Macedonia ( recognized under the provisional denomination of " former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia "), and relations with the United States and Russia.

Although the same parties had previously signed the Treaty of Sèvres, it was rejected before it had been ratified, by the Turkish national movement led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who fought against the terms of the treaty and the occupation of Anatolia.

Aside from being a leading centre for the Fine Arts, Corfu is also the home of the Ionian Academy, an institution carrying through and strengthening the tradition of Greek education while the rest of Greece was still fighting Turkish occupation.

During the time of Turkish occupation, Serbian art was virtually non-existent, with the exception of several Serbian artists who lived in the lands ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy.

Kitchener later served as a Vice-Consul in Anatolia, and in 1883, as a British captain with the Turkish rank bimbashi ( major ), in the occupation of Egypt.

The film was about Bulgarian rebels against the Turkish occupation.

Fox opposed the bellicose stances of Pitt's ministry in the Nootka Sound crisis, and over the Russian occupation of the Turkish port of Ochakiv on the Black Sea.

The hermit monks, seeking a retreat from the expanding Turkish occupation, found the inaccessible rock pillars of Meteora to be an ideal refuge.

After the Ottoman invasion of Hungary the traditional Hungarian coronation city, Székesfehérvár came under Turkish occupation.

A Turkish occupation of Podolia occurred within the Besht ’ s lifetime and along with it the influence within this frontier territory of Shabbetai Zvi and his latter day spiritual descendants such as Malach and Frank.

Such forced " progress " was viewed as one more attempt against their faith and against their own understanding of freedom, as the main motto of the Greek Revolution was " for the holy faith of Christ and the freedom of the homeland "; home and faith were inseparable, given also that the Church was the main contributor to the survival of the Greek language and Greek consciousness during Turkish occupation.

Turkish shore batteries responded to the French occupation by shelling the island, in 1917 succeeding in sinking the British seaplane carrier HMS Ben-my-Chree.

After the defeat of the Turks near Vienna, many Slovaks gradually emigrate to the " Lower Lands ", i. e. to the territories in present-day Hungary, Serbia ( later to Croatia and Bulgaria ), and Romania depopulated after the Turkish occupation.

The alleged atrocities committed by the Greek army during the Greek occupation of Western Anatolia ( 1919 – 1922 ) left a lasting impression on the Turkish mind.

War was averted when Sampson's coup collapsed a few days later and Makarios returned to power ; and the Greek military junta in Athens, which failed to confront the Turkish invasion, also fell from power on 24 July ; but the damage to Turkish-Greek relations was done, and the occupation of Northern Cyprus by Turkish troops would be a sticking point in Greco-Turkish relations for decades to come.

The Turkish occupation forces continue to use M48 tanks today.

The collection of the museum includes clay, bronze and glass objects, sculptures, coins and inscriptions from the 7th to the 5th century BC, as well as pottery of the Byzantine period and the Turkish occupation.

The victory saved Wallachia from Turkish occupation, but Mircea accepted vassalage under Bayezid to avert further Ottoman intervention.

During Turkish occupation the monastery was pulled down, but the church and the site with the grave of St. Joannicius was reconstructed, and was painted in 1578.