Imperial Russia purchased 400 Gatling guns and used them against Turkmen cavalry and other nomads of central Asia.

They were later joined by sipahis, who had lost their land grants, levends, and Turkmen / Yörük and Kurdish nomads.

* Goçer-i / Kochari-Dance of the Azerbaijani Turkmen, Kurds, Armenian and Pontic Greek nomads.

The Turkmen people have traditionally been nomads and horsemen, and even today after the fall of the USSR attempts to urbanize the Turkmens have not been very successful.

Later further waves of Turkmen followed including the Dulkadirids and Yörük nomads were settled here by the Ottoman Empire.

Such a change caused unrest within a community that had already existed prior to this external adjustment and, between 1928 and 1932, Turkmen nomads and peasants made it clear through methods like passive resistance that they did not agree with such policies.

The fourth article of the Constitution of Afghanistan states that citizens of Afghanistan include Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkmen, Aymaq, Arab, Baluch, Pashayi, Nuristani, Qezelbash, Gujjars and Brahui, who are native inhabitants of the country, and that all citizens of Afghanistan be called Afghans.

Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called dutar.

Turkmen say that Adam who was moulded from clay had no soul.

Citizen Board: Appointed by U. S., 25 members face uphill battle for legitimacy ," SF Gate, July 14, 2003: " A noteable inclusion in the council were three women -- Songgul Chapouk, a member of the Turkish-speaking Turkmen minority in the north, Dr. Raja Habib Khuzai, the head of a maternity hospital in the southern city of Diwaniya, and Akila al-Hashimi, who was a top Iraqi diplomat until the fall of Hussein's regime and now has been named by U. S. officials to be Iraq's representative to the United Nations.

Turkmen say that Adam, who was moulded from clay, had no soul.

For these who remained, estimated at around 100, 000, all Soviet-time diplomas, certificates and other official documents that were issued outside the Turkmen SSR were nullified, drastically limiting the people's access to work.

It was the latter Nicephorus who opened the gates of Nicaea to the Turkmen, allowing Suleyman to establish a permanent base.

Magtymguly Pyragy ( Persian: مختوم ‌ قلی فراغی Makhtumqoli Faraghi ; ) ( 1733 – 1797 ) was a Turkmen spiritual leader and philosophical poet who made significant efforts to secure independence and autonomy for his people in the 18th century.

A servant of the ruler, who was also a Turkmen, allegedly aided Magtymguly's escape.

Many Turkmen who possessed manuscripts buried them while fleeing the Soviet Union to Iran.

Many of the Turkmen who are revered for their spiritual powers trace their lineage to an övlat, and it is not uncommon, especially in rural areas, for such individuals to be present at life-cycle and other communal celebrations.

There are those who believe that this was never done, on either side ; and it may well be that in remote places like the Nejd the core Arabian was kept " pure ," just as the Turkoman would have been kept " pure " by the most remote tribes of Turkmen.

Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ( died 1467 ) ()‎ was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c. 1438-1467.

In Ashgabat, it would be hard to find a person who did not speak Russian, however with recent efforts to revive the ancient culture of Turkmenistan, Turkmen is quickly regaining its place as the chief language of the state.

In the following spring, he undertook a successful campaign against the Black Sheep Turkmen under Bairam Khwaja, who had been raiding from the west.

On September 12, Mujahedeen agents threw Scott Taylor into an awaiting cab in northern Iraq with next to no money and abruptly released him, having negotiated a release with the Iraqi Turkmen Front and Zeynep Tugrul, who had been released earlier.

Winners include Turkmenistan president-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov, who received the award in 2003 for his books " Blessed Be the Turkmen People ” and " Five Epochs of the Spirituality of the Turkmen People.

Danil Sergeyevich Burkenya (; born July 20, 1978 in Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR ) is a Russian track and field athlete who competes mainly in triple jump.

Ashraf Hotaki, who took over the monarchy following Shah Mahmud's death in 1725, and his soldiers were defeated in the October 1729 Battle of Damghan by Nader Shah, a soldier of fortune from the Sunni Turkmen background and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty that replace the Safavids in Persia.

During Mahmud's reign ( 997-1030 ), the Ghaznavids settled 4, 000 Turkmen families near Farana in Khorasan.

The area was settled by Turkmen from 1068 onwards and particularly following the battle of nearby Bolvadin, between the Byzantines and the Seljuk Turks.

The vast majority of inhabitants were converted to Hanifism, while the Balkar-HunOghuz brought the beginnings of the Turkic Turkmen language that came to dominate the area.

The Turkmens reside in the north of the province, a plain called Turkmen Sahra, this former nomadic people live in this area from 15th century, main cities of whom is Gonbad-e Kavus and Bandar Torkaman.

It broadcasts in Arabic, Turkmen and English on 1179 kHz medium wave in Baghdad and nearby towns including Ba ' qubah and Fallujah to an area with 12 million inhabitants.

The area was later inhabited by Turkmen in 1831, but they built outside the old town, using it as a graveyard.

* Turkmen gazelle ( Gazella ( subgutturosa ) gracilicornis )-Kazakhstan in the east to about Lake Balkash, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan

It is separated from the Caspian Sea proper, which lies immediately to the west, by a narrow, rocky ridge having a very narrow opening in the rock through which the Caspian waters flow, cascading down into Garabogazköl ( whence the name of the bay —" Mighty Strait Lake " in the Turkmen language — comes ).

The Sarygamysh Lake, also Sarykamysh or Sary-Kamysh (,, ), Turkmen for ' Yellow Depression ," is a lake situated in central north Turkmenistan.

The Turkmen Beyliks were under the control of the Mongols, at least nominally, through declining Seljuk Sultans.

The Turkmen settlement in Kirkuk was further expanded later during the Ottoman Era, when people were brought to the city from there.

During the Ottoman period the Turkmen were the predominant population of Kirkuk city but Kurds constituted the majority of the rural population of Kirkuk.

The Russian population in Kazakhstan was 454, 402, or 10. 95 % of total population ; there were 79, 573 Ukrainians ( 1. 91 %); 55, 984 Tatars ( 1. 34 %); 55, 815 Uyghurs ( 1. 34 %); 29, 564 Uzbeks ( 0. 7 %); 11, 911 Mordovans ( 0. 28 %); 4, 888 Dungan ( 0. 11 %); 2, 883 Turkmen ; 2, 613 Germans ; 2, 528 Bashkir ; 1, 651 Jews ; and 1, 254 Poles.

Because Turkmen tribes, most notably the Yomud, were in the military service of the Khivan khan, Russian forces undertook punitive raids against Khorazm, in the process slaughtering hundreds of Turkmen and destroying their settlements.

Because the Turkmen generally were indifferent to the advent of Soviet rule in 1917, little revolutionary activity occurred in the region in the years that followed.

The Turkmen also known as Oguzes ( a linguistic term designating the Western Turkic or Oghuz languages from the Oghur languages ) were a historical Turkic tribal confederation conventionally named Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia during the early medieval period.

Bakshy were formerly the most important musicians in Turkmen society, along with tuidukists.

The Turkmen were defeated and scattered to neighboring lands.

In 2006, Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights activists Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khadzhiev were arrested by Turkmenistani security forces on espionage charges, later changed to illegal firearm charges.

Nicephorus ' bid for power was successful, and in return for their support Suleyman's Turkmen were allowed to settle on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus, near Constantinople itself.

The Turkmen tribes of the 18th century were torn by internecine strife and the aggressions of powerful neighbors.

On one occasion, Magtymguly's village was raided ( possibly by another Turkmen tribe, though it is unclear ), and his possessions, including manuscripts of his poetry, were carried away on a camel.

Anatolian beyliks, or Turkmen beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: Tevâif-i mülûk, Beylik ) were small Turkish principalities governed by Beys, which were founded across Anatolia at the end of the 11th century in a first period, and more extensively during the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm during the second half of the 13th century.

According to the Russian census data, by 1892 Russians formed 7 % of the population, Pontic Greeks 13. 5 %, Kurds 15 %, Armenians 21. 5 %, Turks 24 %, Karapapakhs 14 %, and Turkmen were 5 % of the population of Kars Oblast of Russian Empire.

On October 27, 1924 TsIK issued a decree where the former Bukharan, Khivan People's Republics as well as the RSFSR's Turkestan were re-organised as the Uzbek SSR and the Turkmen SSR, both of whom became full Union Republics on 13th of May 1925.

Ibrahim's troubles were increased when Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep Turkmen invaded as well.