Before 1995 there were five known consistent superstring theories ( henceforth referred to as string theories ), which were given the names Type I string theory, Type IIA string theory, Type IIB string theory, heterotic SO ( 32 ) ( the HO string ) theory, and heterotic E < sub > 8 </ sub >× E < sub > 8 </ sub > ( the HE string ) theory.

In 10 dimensions, there are only two supergravity theories, which are denoted Type IIA and Type IIB.

This similar denomination is not a coincidence ; the Type IIA string theory has the Type IIA supergravity theory as its low-energy limit and the Type IIB string theory gives rise to Type IIB supergravity.

The heterotic SO ( 32 ) and heterotic E < sub > 8 </ sub >× E < sub > 8 </ sub > string theories also reduce to Type IIA and Type IIB supergravity in the low-energy limit.

In 1994, Edward Witten outlined the following relationship: The Type IIA supergravity ( corresponding to the heterotic SO ( 32 ) and Type IIA string theories ) can be obtained by dimensional reduction from the single unique eleven-dimensional supergravity theory.

This means that if one studied supergravity on an eleven-dimensional spacetime that looks like the product of a ten-dimensional spacetime with another very small one-dimensional manifold, one gets the Type IIA supergravity theory.

Dimensional reduction to a circle yields the Type IIA string theory, and dimensional reduction to a line segment yields the heterotic SO ( 32 ) string theory.

The Type I string theory has vibrating strings like the rest of the string theories.

The open loose strings are what separates the Type I string theory from the other four string theories.

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( And the Type IIB supergravity theory can be obtained by using T-duality.

Another matrix string theory equivalent to Type IIB string theory was constructed in 1996 by Ishibashi, Kawai, Kitazawa, and Tsuchiya.

Type IIB restriction enzymes ( e. g. BcgI and BplI ) are multimers, containing more than one subunit.

On 15 June 1940 Wohlfarth commissioned, also a Type IIB boat, referred to as Einbaum ( dugout canoe ).

In September 1937, Kretschmer took command of, a Type IIB coastal U-Boat.

Type II was later split into two designs, IIA was a piston-powered aircraft, and the IIB would use the new turboprop engine.

About 26 were sold to Siam and saw action as Infantry support guns and AA guns during the Franco-Thai war ( 1940-1941 ) along with 30 Vickers Mk. E Type B 6-ton tanks.

Most systems were purchased with two peripherals, the Type 30 vector graphics display, and a Soroban Engineering modified IBM Model B Electric typewriter that was used as a printer.

The production vehicle was called the Datson Type 10, and " approximately ten " of these cars were sold in 1931.

These larger displacement cars were called Type 12s.

The Germans were also fond of large destroyers, but while the initial Type 1934 displaced over 3, 000 tons, their armament was equal to smaller vessels.

In those settings all types of FGM were found to pose an increased risk of death to the baby: 15 percent higher for Type I, 32 percent for Type II, and 55 percent for Type III.

Elizabeth Heger Boyle reported several studies during the 1980s and 1990s where the women said they were able to enjoy sex, though with Type III the risk of sexual dysfunction was higher.

SGML specified a syntax for including the markup in documents, as well as one for separately describing what tags were allowed, and where ( the Document Type Definition ( DTD ) or schema ).

In the British and Commonwealth armies, " Type A Armoured Brigades "— which were intended for independent operations or to form part of armored divisions — had a " motor infantry " battalion mounted in Bren Carriers or later in Lend-Lease halftracks.

" Type B " brigades lacked a motor infantry component and were subordinated to infantry formations.

Also among the early 32 members were syndicated panel cartoonists Dave Breger ( Mister Breger ), George Clark ( The Neighbors ), Bob Dunn ( Just the Type ) and Jimmy Hatlo ( They'll Do It Every Time ); freelance magazine cartoonists Abner Dean and Mischa Richter, editorial cartoonists Rube Goldberg ( New York Sun ), Burris Jenkins ( New York Journal American ), C. D. Batchelor ( Daily News ) and Richard Q. Yardley ( The Baltimore Sun ); sports cartoonist Lou Hanlon ; illustrator Russell Patterson and comic book artists Joe Shuster and Joe Musial.

By mid-August, 18 of these craft, designated Type AS, had been converted and another 5 were ordered on 30 September.

As completed, the Type AF had a speed of 6 knots and a range of 60 nautical miles ( unless auxiliary fuel tanks were added ).

Though the Type A barges were capable of disembarking several medium tanks onto an open beach, this could be accomplished only at low tide when the barges were firmly grounded.

Independent lines of evidence from Type Ia supernovae and the CMB imply that the Universe today is dominated by a mysterious form of energy known as dark energy, which apparently permeates all of space.

Kodak released Cine Negative Film Type E in 1916 and Type F ( later known as Negative Film Par Speed Type 1201 ) in 1917.

In 1920, a variant of Type F film known as X-back was introduced to counteract the effects of static electricity on the film, which can cause sparking and create odd exposure patterns on the film.

Type III FGM ( infibulation ) is known as " pharaonic circumcision " in Sudan, and as " Sudanese circumcision " in Egypt.

A variety of other procedures are collectively known as Type IV, which the WHO defines as " all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.

At the time, the technology for including these hints in fonts was carefully guarded, and the hinted fonts were compressed and encrypted into what Adobe called a Type 1 Font ( also known as PostScript Type 1 Font, PS1, T1 or Adobe Type 1 ).

Those who did not license the technology were left with the Type 3 Font ( also known as PostScript Type 3 Font, PS3 or T3 ).

Porsche research vehicle Serial Number 13394, the oldest 902 known to exist, combines a 911 chassis / bodyshell with a four-cylinder Type 616 engine from the 356.

Some of the better known instruments include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Five-Factor Model ( or " Big 5 ") and tools such as Personality and Preference Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

The primary role of the Type 45 destroyer is anti-air warfare ; in order to fulfil this role, it is equipped with the Sea Viper ( formerly known as PAAMS ) integrated anti-aircraft system which can fire Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles.

A restriction enzyme ( or restriction endonuclease ) is an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences ( with Type II restriction enzymes cutting double-stranded DNA ) known as restriction sites.

In Type II superconductors, raising the applied field past a critical value H < sub > c1 </ sub > leads to a mixed state ( also known as the vortex state ) in which an increasing amount of magnetic flux penetrates the material, but there remains no resistance to the flow of electric current as long as the current is not too large.

Chinese Type 96 tanks have also been known to serve in the Sudanese Army.

A carbon-oxygen white dwarf that approaches this mass limit, typically by mass transfer from a companion star, may explode as a Type Ia supernova via a process known as carbon detonation.

Type 76, IEDs are hand-carried parcel or suitcase bombs, type 80, are " suicide vests " worn by a bomber, and type 3 devices are vehicles laden with explosives to act as large-scale stationary or self-propelled bombs, also known as VBIED ( vehicle-borne IEDs ).