Among them: Umayyad Mosque in Damascus ; San Silvestro in Capite in Rome ; and the Residenz Museum in Munich, Germany ( official residence of the Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria from 1385 to 1918 ).

In Aleppo, for example, the largest and probably the oldest mosque library, the Sufiya, located at the city's Grand Umayyad Mosque, contained a large book collection of which 10, 000 volumes were reportedly bequeathed by the city's most famous ruler, Prince Sayf al-Dawla.

Built soon after the conquest of northwest Africa, the first mosque built in this region is the Great Mosque of Kairouan ( in Tunisia ) founded by the Umayyad general Uqba Ibn Nafi during the second half of the 7th century and considered as the oldest place of worship in the western Islamic world.

He was buried in a mausoleum in the garden outside the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria.

* Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I begins the Great Mosque of Damascus.

* The Umayyad Mosque is built over the Basilica of Saint John the Baptist in Damascus.

* The Umayyad Mosque at Damascus is completed.

Al Khamis Mosque, founded in 692, was one of the earliest mosques built in Bahrain, in the era of Umayyad caliph Umar II.

After the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 637 CE, Umayyad Caliphs commissioned the construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock on the site.

Byzantine workmen built the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus and its hemispherical dome for Sherif al Walid in 705.

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, begun in 785 under the last of the Umayyad caliphs, was enlarged by Al-Hakam II between 961 and 976 to include four domes and a remodeled mihrab.

Umayyad Mosque, established during Muawiyah's era.

Although the treaty was virtually meaningless in military terms, an-Nasir Dawud used it to provoke the sentiments of Syria's citizens and a Friday sermon by a popular preacher at the Umayyad Mosque " reduced the crowd to violent sobbing and tears.

The city's olive oil was also used in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.

It was here that his father delivered sermons from the pulpit of the Umayyad Mosque, and ibn Taymiyyah followed in his footsteps by studying with the scholars of his time.

Thus, the " Arab plan ", with court and hypostyle prayer hall, truly became a functional type with the construction of the Umayyad Mosque, or the Great Mosque of Damascus ( completed in 715 by caliph Al-Walid I ) on top of the ancient temple of Jupiter and in place of the basilica of St. John the Baptist, the most sacred site in the city.

There are considerable byzantine influences which can be detected in the distinctive early Islamic monuments in Syria and Palestine, as on the Dome of the Rock ( 691 ) at Jerusalem, the Umayyad Mosque ( 709-15 ) at Damascus.

While the Dome of the Rock gives clear reference in plan-and partially in decoration-to byzantine art, the plan of the Umayyad Mosque has also a remarkable similarity with the 6th-7th c. normal Christian basilicas, but it has been modified and expanded on the transversal axis and not on the normal longitudinal axis as in the Christian basilicas.

On May 6, 2001 Pope John Paul II, the first pope to pray in a mosque, delivered an address at Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, saying: " It is important that Muslims and Christians continue to explore philosophical and theological questions together, in order to come to a more objective and comprehensive knowledge of each other's religious beliefs.

Shia / Fatimid believe that Husain's head was first buried in the courtyard of yezid mahal ( Umayyad Mosque ) than transferred from Damascus to Ashkelon to Cairo.

The mosque walls were decorated with mosaics by Coptic and Greek craftsmen, similar to those seen in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem ( built by the same caliph ).

* Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

* Temple of Jupiter ( now the Umayyad Mosque ), Damascus, Syria ;.

Born near Damascus in Syria, Abd al-Rahman, grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, was the son of the Umayyad prince Mu ' awiyah ibn Hisham and a Berber mother.

Abd al-Rahman and a small selection of his family fled Damascus, where the center of Umayyad power had been ; people moving with him include his brother Yahiya, his four-year old son Sulayman, and some of his sisters, as well as his former Greek slave ( a freedman ), Bedr.

The rulers of Al-Andalus were granted the rank of Emir by the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I in Damascus.

Muslim influence increased greatly in the seventh century when the Umayyad capital was established at nearby Damascus.

Although the rebellion petered out before the gates of Kairouan in 742, neither the Umayyad rulers in Damascus, nor their Abbasid successors, would manage to re-impose Arab rule on the liberated areas west of Ifriqiya.

One of the earliest examples of these kinds of conversions was in Damascus, Syria, where in 705 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I bought the church of St. John from the Christians and had it rebuilt as a mosque in exchange for building a number of new churches for the Christians in Damascus.

Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus.

Muawiyah thus established the Umayyad Caliphate, which was to be a hereditary dynasty, and governed from Damascus in Syria instead of Medina in Arabia.

" Throughout Rashidun and Umayyad rule, the city served as the capital of the al-Bathaniyya subdistrict, part of the larger Jund Dimashq (" military district of Damascus.

Abu Muslim stormed Damascus, the capital of the Umayyad caliphate, later that year.

Afterwards, the head of Husayn remained confiscated and confined in Damascus by the order of the Umayyad monarch, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ( d. 86 / 705 ), in this condition for about two hundred twenty years.

Syria formed the central part of the Umayyad empire.

* A fourth expedition sent from Syria by the Umayyad caliphate to crush the rebellion in the Atlas region is defeated in the plain of the Ghrab ( nowadays Morocco ).

Syria would remain the base of Umayyad power until the end of the dynasty in 750 AD.

* Grand Cordon of the Order of Umayyad of Syria – 1955

The Umayyad Caliphate had conquered Syria, Egypt, and North Africa from the predominantly Christian Byzantine Empire, and Hispania from the Visigothic Kingdom.

Arabic music is usually said to have begun in the 7th century in Syria during the Umayyad dynasty.

Instead, he appointed his brother Herakleios as monostrategos of the East, who firstly strengthened the land and sea defences of Anatolia before proceeding to attack the Umayyad Caliphate under Abd al-Malik, winning minor victories while raiding into northern Syria in 700 and 701.

In 746, profiting by the unstable conditions in the Umayyad Caliphate which was falling apart under Marwan II, Constantine invaded Syria and captured Germanikeia ( modern Maraş, his father's birthplace ).

In the East it exerted a profound influence on early Islamic architecture, During the Umayyad Caliphate era ( 661-750 ), as far as the byzantine impact on early Islamic architecture is concerned, the byzantine artistic heritage formed a fundamental source to the new Islamic art, especially in Syria and Palestine.

In the year 161 AH, he subdued the rebellion of Abdallah ibn Marwan ibn Muhammad, leading the Umayyad remnant in Syria.

Because of this disgraceful treatment, Zayd left Syria for Kufa, where he raised an army against the Bani Umayyad.

The people of Punjab were mainly Hindus with a Buddhist minority, when the Umayyad Muslim army led by Muhammad bin Qasim from Syria, conquered the Punjab and Sindh in 711.

Bilad al-Sham ( Arabic بلاد الشام, the country of Syria ), in English usually referred to as Syria, was a Rashidun, Umayyad and later Abbasid Caliphate province, incorporating former Byzantine territories of the Diocese of the East, organized soon after the Muslim conquest of Syria in the mid-7th century, which was completed at the decisive Battle of Yarmouk.

Under the Umayyads, the city of Damascus was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate and Syria formed the Caliphate's " metropolitan " province ; likewise, the elite Syrian army, the ahl al-Sham, formed the main pillar of the Umayyad regime.

At the Battle of Bagdoura, the rebels annihilated a particularly strong army dispatched by the Umayyad caliph from Syria.

A striking clock outside of China was the water-powered clock tower near the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, which struck once every hour.