In most major eastern cities in China, there are very limited Islamic / Halal restaurants, which are typically run by migrants from Western China ( e. g., Uyghurs ), they primarily offer inexpensive noodle soups only.

The Uyghurs do not believe that Āfántí lived in Anatolia ; according to the them, he was from Eastern Turkistan.

The name " Uyghur " reappeared after the Soviet Union took the ninth-century ethnonym, from the Uyghur Khaganate, and reapplied it to all non-nomadic Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang, following a 19th-century proposal from Russian historians that modern-day Uyghurs were descended from the Turpan Kingdom and Kara-Khanid Khanate, which had formed after the dissolution of the Uyghur Khaganate.

In the Dungan revolt ( 1862 – 1877 ) of 1864, the Uyghurs were successful in expelling the Qing Dynasty officials from parts of southern Xinjiang, and founded an independent Kashgaria kingdom, called Yettishar ( English: " country of seven cities ").

Along with him came Uyghur soldiers from whom the Hunan Uyghurs also descend.

Some Uyghurs from Xinjiang visit the Hunan Uyghurs out of curiosity or interest.

One study, using samples from Hetian ( Hotan ) only, found that Uyghurs have 60 % European ancestry and 40 % East Asian ancestry.

The Uyghurs of Central Asia used movable type, their script type adopted from the Mongol language, some with Chinese words printed between the pages, a strong evidence that the books were printed in China.

After their victory over the Uyghurs the Kyrgyz did not occupy the Mongolian steppe, and their history for several centuries after this period is little known, though they are mentioned in medieval geographical works as living not far from their present location.

Flag of the Republic of China from 1912-1928, the five stripes represents the " five great races " of China: red represents Han Chinese, yellow represents Manchus, blue represents Mongols, white collectively represents both Huis and Uyghurs, and black for Tibetans.

Hui pan-nationalism should be distinguished from nationalist sentiments by minority groups who are also Muslim such as those of the Uyghurs.

This emperor was most likely the illustrious Emperor Tang Taizong who was familiar with many ethnic groups throughout his Empire, from Uyghurs and Turks to Middle Eastern traders.

Kazakhs and Hui Muslims are largely alienated from the movement, as are Uyghurs who live closer to the eastern provinces of China.

In 1921, the Soviet Union officially defined the Uyghurs as the sedentary Turkic peoples from Chinese Turkestan as part of their nation building policy in Central Asia.

The Uyghurs of Xinjiang, China, enjoy a form of bagel known as girdeh nan ( from Persian, meaning round bread ), which is one of several types of nan, the bread eaten in Xinjiang.

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is dominated by Uyghurs, a Turkic people related to others from Central Asia.

The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue tribe, the Huihe, or Huige, also known as the Uyghur Khaganate ( ancestors of the modern-day Uyghurs, but then located in Mongolia ), who were ruled by Bayanchur Khan until his death in the summer of 759.

The Turkic speaking Yugurs are considered to be the descendants of a group of Uyghurs who fled from Mongolia southwards to Gānsù, after the collapse of the Uyghur Empire in 840 AD, and soon established there a prosperous Ganzhou Kingdom ( 870-1036 AD ) with capital near present Zhangye city on the foots of Nan Shan Mountains in the valley of the Ejin River ( Black River ).

At the same time, their allies, the Uyghurs, conquered much of western and northern Mongolia until, by the middle of the 8th century, the Uyghur seminomadic empire extended from Lake Balkash to Lake Baykal.

The Uyghurs established a Kingdom near Turpan ( known as the Uyghuria Idikut state or Kara-Khoja Kingdom ) that lasted from 856 to 1389 AD, in its later period surviving as a vassal of the Mongol Empire.

In response, the Ming Dynasty imposed an economic blockade on Turfan and kicked out all the Uyghurs from Gansu.

Sympathizing with the plight of the Uyghurs, whose lands were conquered by the Qing dynasty, Ahmad Shah attempted to rally neighboring Muslim nations to check Qing expansion.

First appearing in Chinese records of the Grand Historian as Gekun or Jiankun ( 鬲昆 or 隔昆 ), and later as part of the Tiele tribes, they were once under the rule of Göktürks and Uyghurs.

These tribes and kingdoms were soon overshadowed by the rise of the Gok-Turks in 555, the Uyghurs in 745 and the Yenisei Kirghizs in 840.

( Note that these were separate Turkic tribes and were not the Uyghurs of the Uyghur Khaganate.

These Uyghurs were given the surname Jian by the Emperor.

Most of the early Uyghur literary works were translations of Buddhist and Manichean religious texts, but there were also narrative, poetic, and epic works apparently original to the Uyghurs.

In 742CE, the Karluks were part of an alliance led by the Basmyl and Uyghurs, which rebelled against the Kök Türk rulers.

In response, Soviet historians produced revisionist histories to help the ETR justify its own claims to sovereignty, with statements such as that the Uyghurs were the " most ancient Turkic people " that had contributed to world civilization.

The Russian population in Kazakhstan was 454, 402, or 10. 95 % of total population ; there were 79, 573 Ukrainians ( 1. 91 %); 55, 984 Tatars ( 1. 34 %); 55, 815 Uyghurs ( 1. 34 %); 29, 564 Uzbeks ( 0. 7 %); 11, 911 Mordovans ( 0. 28 %); 4, 888 Dungan ( 0. 11 %); 2, 883 Turkmen ; 2, 613 Germans ; 2, 528 Bashkir ; 1, 651 Jews ; and 1, 254 Poles.

Despite setbacks in the south, overall the Qianlong Emperor's military expansion nearly doubled the area of the already vast empire, and brought into the fold many non-Han-Chinese peoples — such as Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Evenks and Mongols — who were potentially hostile.

Xinjiang was dominated by the Uyghurs, who were loosely allied with the Chinese.

The anti-Mongke plot of an Uyghur scribe, Bala, and the Idiqut Salindi ( the monarch of the Uyghurs ) was discovered and they were publicly executed.

The city had 430, 000 inhabitants in 2007, increasing with 20, 000 people every year, majority of whom were Han Chinese, with a large minority of Uyghurs ( about 100, 000 ) and smaller numbers of Mongols and Huis.

In the 5th century the Chuban were conquered by the Uyghurs, and separated into four tribes: Chuüe, Chumi, Chumugun, and Chuban.

Many minority groups including the Inner Mongolians, Tibetans and Uyghurs ( people from Xinjiang ) were brutally targeted.

In the 6th-9th centuries similar sanctuaries with statues of deceased ancestors were built by the Göktürks and Uyghurs.

The Turkic speaking Uyghurs were one of many distinct cultural groups brought together by the trade of the Silk Route at Turfan, which was then ruled by China's Tang Dynasty.

Meanwhile, the defeated Kitan Liao ruler had fled with the small remnant of his army to the Tarim Basin, where he allied himself with the Uyghurs and established the Karakitai state ( known also as the Western Liao Dynasty, 1124 – 1234 ), which soon controlled both sides of the Pamir Mountains.

After expansion by Turkic peoples, Central Asia also became the homeland for many Turkic peoples, including the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Uyghurs.

Others, mainly closely related to the Uyghurs ( the Karluks ), occupying the western Tarim Basin, Ferghana Valley, Jungaria and parts of modern Kazakhstan bordering the Muslim Turco-Tajik Khwarazm Sultanate, converted to Islam no later than the 10th century and built a federation with Muslim institutions called Kara-Khanlik, whose princely dynasties are called Karakhanids by most historians.

Siberia was occupied by different groups of nomads such as the Yenets, the Nenets, the Huns, the Iranian Scythians, and the Turkic Uyghurs.

Twice, in 1933 and 1944, the Uyghurs successfully regained their independence ( backed by the Soviet Communist leader Joseph Stalin ): the First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived attempt at independence of land around Kashghar, and it was destroyed by Chinese Muslim army under General Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan at the Battle of Kashgar ( 1934 ).

* The Uyghurs are conquered by the Göktürks.

Because the Uzbeks in Xinjiang are so close to the Uyghur people, who form an ethnic plurality there, Uzbeks are assimilated by Uyghurs.

To achieve this he believed that China must develop a " China-nationalism ," Zhonghua Minzu, as opposed to an " ethnic-nationalism ," so as to unite all of the different ethnicities of China, mainly composed by the five major groups of Han, Mongols, Tibetans, Manchus, and the Muslims ( such as the Uyghurs ), which together are symbolized by the Five Color Flag of the First Republic ( 1911 – 1928 ).

The historical Uyghur name is Qurighar ( 西域 ; today, Qurighar Uyghur is co-used with Shinjang Uyghur by Uyghurs ).

There is also a heavily Persian-influenced Äynu language spoken by the Äynu people in southwestern Xinjiang who are officially considered Uyghurs.

Allès wrote in the document " Notes on some joking relationships between Hui and Han villages in Henan " published by French Centre for Research on Contemporary China that " The major Muslim revolts in the middle of the nineteenth century which involved the Hui in Shaanxi, Gansu and Yunnan, as well as the Uyghurs in Xinjiang, do not seem to have had any direct effect on this region of the central plain.

Since 755, the Chinese Empire had been weakened by the An Shi Rebellion, and the Uyghurs had become the only fighting force serving the Tang Dynasty.

* Uar, the name of a proto-Mongolian tribe placed in charge of the Uyghurs by the Rouran

The Qing scholar Qiao Songnian claimed in 1834 that the Uyghurs had been brought there by Yuan Taizu.