In recent times, its teaching has been most notably expressed in the Vatican II council documents Unitatis Redintegratio ( 1964 ), Lumen Gentium ( 1964 ), Nostra aetate ( 1965 ), an encyclical issued by Pope John Paul II: Ut Unum Sint ( 1995 ), and in a document issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominus Iesus in 2000.

In 2001, his book Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism led to Dupuis being investigated by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, a department of the Roman Curia, which noted ambiguities regarding agreement between what he called a " Christian theology of religious pluralism " and the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and the popes of the council and later.

In 1901 he entered the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, a sub-office of the Vatican Secretariat of State.

The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government.

The commission's view was that Juan Diego had indeed existed, and the results of their research were presented to the Vatican Congregation for the Causes of Saints on October 28, 1998.

The Congregation's name was changed to Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on December 7, 1965, at the end of the Second Vatican Council.

In 1981, Law was named the Vatican delegate to develop and oversee a program instituted by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in which U. S. Episcopal priests would be accepted into the Catholic priesthood.

I work for a division of the Vatican called the Congregation of the Causes of the Saints.

John Paul II's successor, Pope Benedict XVI, removed the custom of holding beatification rites in the Vatican with the Pope presiding ; they can now be held in the location where the subject lived with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints designated to preside over the ceremony as Papal Delegate.

After her death, the Vatican, specifically Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger ( at that time, still head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ), ordered her cell sealed off.

In 1833, he succeeded Angelo Mai as Custodian-in-Chief of the Vatican Library, and in 1838 was made cardinal of the title of St. Onofrio al Gianicolo and director of studies in the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.

At the time of the beatification of Catherine Anne in 2004, the Vatican position on the authenticity of the books produced by Brentano was stated by Father Peter Gumpel, who was involved in the study of the issues for the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints: " It is absolutely not certain that she ever wrote this.

On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa and the small community formed by her former pupils was labeled as the Diocesan Congregation of the Calcutta Diocese, and thus received the permission from the Vatican to exist as a Church subject.

* Holy Orders ( Permission to marry is only given to those ordained clergy who have been fully laicized ( relieved of active ministry, and then dismissed from the clerical state, a process which is begun by the ( arch -) diocese or religious order community and is finally granted by the Roman Curia at the Vatican subject to papal approval: either the Congregation for Bishops-if the cleric was a bishop, the Congregation for the Clergy-if the cleric was a secular, or diocesan, priest or deacon, or the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life-for those clergy who are members of religious orders or secular institutes or other, unvowed societies.

He served as Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cotonou, and then at the Vatican in the service of the Holy See as President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and then as Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Bishops.

In 1995, the Catholic Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ( CDF ) issued a Notification on the writings of Rydén, the Notification was also printed in L ' Osservatore Romano, the official Vatican newspaper.

Archbishop de Paolis, Father Ghirlanda, and Father Montan are consultors to the Vatican Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.

Monsignor Marchesi and Fathers Ghirlanda and Montan serve as consultors to the Vatican Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

The Church territory was officially called the Vicariate of East Bangal, set up in 1845 by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith at the Vatican.

Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger – then Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, a Vatican administrative body charged with teaching and defending church doctrine – ordered a panel of Dominican priests and theologians to perform a two-year review of Fox ’ s writings.

* Oriente Cattolico ( Vatican City: The Sacred Congregation for the Eastern Churches, 1974 )

The first of these meetings was held in the palace of the cardinal relator ( reporter ) of the cause, and in it only consultors of the Congregation of Sacred Rites, and with their chairman, or prefect, presiding, the third was also held in the Vatican, and at it the pope presided, and both cardinals and consultors voted.

The public appeal by the new Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Cicognani, for renewed efforts toward Eastern and Western reunion was still another remarkable act.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

From the early Middle Ages until after the Second Vatican Council the sacrament was administered, within the Latin Church, only when death was approaching and, in practice, bodily recovery was not ordinarily looked for, giving rise, as mentioned above to the name " Extreme Unction " ( i. e. final anointing ).

The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop Angelo Massarelli, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the Vatican Library and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years and were brought to light, though only in part, by Augustin Theiner, priest of the oratory ( d. 1874 ), in Acta genuina sancti et oecumenici Concilii Tridentini nunc primum integre edita ( 2 vols., Leipzig, 1874 ).

Some countries have more particular naming for their missions and staff: a Vatican mission is headed by a nuncio ( Latin " envoy ") and consequently known as an apostolic nunciature.

He guided Pinturicchio's allegorical frescoes for Pope Alexander VI's Vatican apartments.

It was initially offered to loyal and reoccurring customers, each of the 399 made ( minus the 400th which was donated to the Vatican for charity ) had a price tag of $ 650, 000 apiece.

The work acquired a considerable reputation for mystery and inaccessibility between the time of its composition and the era of modern recording ; the Vatican, wanting to preserve its aura of mystery, forbade copies, threatening any publication or attempted copy with excommunication.

There have also been claims that Stalin was a Jesuit priest working covertly for the Vatican, whilst carrying out his purges, and that he had died by poisoning.

In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism.

He arranged for Bertha to marry Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach, a Prussian courier to the Vatican, and grandson of an American Civil War General Henry Bohlen.

The Principality of Monaco, which is the world's second smallest nation ( after the Vatican City State ), has a very limited military capability, and would depend entirely upon its larger neighbour, France, for defence in the face of an aggressive world power.

Krohn, an ultraconservative Spanish priest opposed to the Vatican II reforms, believed that the Pope had to be killed for being an " agent of Moscow ".

On 7 December 2007, Michelangelo's red chalk sketch for the dome of St Peter's Basilica, his last before his death in 1564, was discovered in the Vatican archives.

* 1917 – Luigi Poggi, Italian archivist for the Vatican ( d. 2010 )

* 1965 – Nostra Aetate, the " Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions " of the Second Vatican Council, is promulgated by Pope Paul VI ; it absolves the Jews of responsibility for the death of Jesus, reversing Innocent III's 760 year-old declaration.

In 1870, the First Vatican Council proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility for those rare occasions the pope speaks ex cathedra when issuing a solemn definition of faith or morals.

One of the most common reasons for holding this belief is the idea that the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and especially the replacement of the Tridentine Mass with the Mass of Paul VI are heretical, and that those responsible for initiating and maintaining these changes are heretics and not true popes.

During the " sede vacante " period, the College of Cardinals is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church ; however, canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the Holy See.

It is distinct from the state of Vatican City, existing for many centuries before the foundation of the latter.

( It is common, however, for publications to use " Holy See ", " Vatican / Vatican City ", and even " Rome " interchangeably, and incorrectly.