Examples of clinker-built boats, and which are directly descended from those of the Viking shipbuilders, are the traditional round-bottomed Thames skiffs, built of mahogany, which can still be seen on the River Thames in England, and the larger, ( originally ) cargo-carrying Norfolk wherries.

Alfred successfully defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, and by his death had become the dominant ruler in England.

Similar small skirmishes with independent Viking raiders would have occurred for much of the period as they had for decades.

King Athelstan of Kent and Ealdorman Ealhhere had defeated a Viking fleet in 851, capturing nine ships, and Alfred himself had conducted naval actions in 882.

Snorri especially quotes passages from Bragi's Ragnarsdrápa, a poem supposedly composed in honor of the famous legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrók (' Hairy-breeches ') describing the images on a decorated shield which Ragnar had given to Bragi.

Viking activity in Britain increased in 865 when the Great Heathen Army, probably a part of the forces which had been active in Francia, landed in East Anglia.

Kenneth's son Constantine died in 876, probably killed fighting against a Viking army which had come north from Northumbria in 874.

It was first mentioned as " Ilfing " in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan which was written in Anglo-Saxon in King Alfred's reign using information from a Viking who had visited the area.

Alfred the Great's victory at Edington in 878 stemmed the Danish attack ; however, by then Northumbria had devolved into Bernicia and a Viking kingdom, Mercia had been split down the middle, and East Anglia ceased to exist as an Anglo-Saxon polity.

The Åland Islands probably had Swedish settlement during the Viking Period.

By 1300, the Inuit and their language had reached western Greenland, and finally east Greenland roughly at the same time the Viking colony in southern Greenland disappeared.

Viking navigational techniques are not well understood, but historians postulate that the Vikings probably had some sort of primitive astrolabe and used the stars to plot their course.

The team also had an NFL Huddles mascot in the mid 1980s, ( somewhat similar to Viktor the Viking ).

Viking raiders always had the option to fallback in the face of a superior force or stubborn defence and then reappear to attack other locations or retreat to their bases in what is now Sweden, Denmark, Norway and their Atlantic colonies.

In 1066, King Harald Hardråde of Norway invaded England, only to be defeated by Harold Godwinson, who in turn was defeated by William of Normandy, descendant of the Viking Rollo, who had accepted Normandy as a fief from the Frankish King.

Dublin Corporation controversially built them on what had been one of the world's best preserved Viking sites, at Wood Quay.

In exchange for his homage and fealty, Rollo legally gained the territory which he and his Viking allies had previously conquered.

By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.

Three Viking ships had beached in Portland Bay six years earlier, but that incursion may have been a trading expedition that went wrong rather than a piratical raid.

Godwinson was subsequently defeated within a month by another Viking descendant, William, Duke of Normandy ( Normandy had been conquered by Vikings ( Normans ) in 911 ).

Aided by the Great Heathen Army ( which had already overrun much of England from its base in Jorvik ), Bagsecg's forces, and Halfdan's forces ( through an alliance ), the combined Viking forces raided much of England until 871, when they planned an invasion of Wessex.

As a result, many of the Vikings returned to northern England, where Jorvic had become the centre of the Viking kingdom but Alfred of Wessex managed to keep them out of his country.

The received views of the Vikings as violent brutes or intrepid adventurers owe much to the modern Viking myth which had taken shape by the early 20th century.

A Viking longship is burnt during Edinburgh's annual Hogmanay celebrations ( though Edinburgh has no historical connection with the Norse invaders ). When Ne ' erday falls on a Sunday, 3 January becomes an additional public holiday in Scotland ; when Ne ' erday falls on a Saturday, both 3 and 4 January will be public holidays in Scotland ; when Ne ' erday falls on a Friday, 4 January becomes an additional public holiday in Scotland.

The Viking Age brought great changes in Britain and Ireland, no less in Scotland than elsewhere.

Gwyn Jones notes that " no true town has been found and excavated " and that the identification of the site in Elbląg with Truso is based on " finds of Norse weapons " and the presence of " a large Viking Age cemetery " nearby, According to Mateusz Bogucki " by now, there is no doubt that the settlement really is Wulfstan's Truso " The Elbląg Museum brochure: Truso-A Discovered Legend, by Marek F Jagodziński, describes a large number of buildings found during the recent excavations, with burnt remains of posts suggesting buildings of c. 5 x 10 m and long houses of about 6 x 21 m.

While many buildings were pillaged, burned, or destroyed by the Viking raids, ecclesiastical sources may have been overly negative as no city was completely destroyed.

In 1015, a Viking fleet entered the river Minho and sacked the episcopal city of Tui ( Galicia ); no new bishop was appointed until 1070.

“ Technical marvels, Viking longships sailed seas and rivers, or served as floating battlefields ”, Military History 19, no.

As a result there is much more material from the Viking Age concerning Norway than for instance Sweden, which, apart from Runic inscriptions, has almost no written sources from the early Middle Ages.

Apart from two or three representations of ( ritual ) helmets – with protrusions that may be either stylised ravens, snakes or horns – no depiction of Viking Age warriors ' helmets, and no preserved helmet, has horns.

In the Viking Age it was a tradition to hold the ting at a neutral and thus uninhabited place, so no one location gave them an advantage.

Ragnar Lodbrok, according to Viking sources, was satisfied with no less than 7, 000 pounds of silver in exchange for sparing the city.

This arrangement was issued on their second LP, In the Wake of Poseidon, although for copyright reasons it was renamed " The Devil's Triangle " and Robert Fripp claimed authorship, with Holst receiving no composer credit. A third progressive-rock band, Manfred Mann's Earth Band, performed an arrangement of " Jupiter " with lyrics which they entitled " Joybringer ". Black Metal / Viking Metal band Bathory arranged a section of " Jupiter " as the melody of the song " Hammerheart ", from the album Twilight of the Gods.

Other Viking raids into Germany and the Mediterranean were short-lived and had no lasting effect.

no: Viking metal

While Birger's direct involvement in the foundation of the city remains speculative, it probably was no accident it was founded on the location at this time, as there were alternative passages into Mälaren during the preceding Viking Era ; as Crusades, a kind of Viking raids in a Christian disguise, had proven increasingly unsuccessful ; and as taking control over the location, traditionally where men supposedly gathered before the ledung, meant old offensive military traditions could be replaced by more " modern " commercial efforts directed towards Lübeck.

However things had changed as a result of the battle, with Viking and Gaelic culture no longer contesting power.

Viking influence in the area commenced in the late 8th century, and whilst there is no doubt that the Uí Ímair dynasty played a prominent role in this early period, the records for the dates and details of the rulers are speculative until the mid-10th century.

Ideologically there seems no obvious connection, save the common concerns with sentimental patriotic interest in ethnic folklore, local history and a " back-to-the-land " anti-urbanism that are commonplaces of National Romanticism, employed as critiques of modern urban industrialism and its degenerative impact ; however, Viking imagery alludes to conceptions of pristine Germanic tribes unaltered either culturally or racially by contact with non-Germanic tribes and cultures like Judaeo-Christianity.

In the film's opening scene Erik ( Tim Robbins ), a young Viking, discovers that he has no taste for rape and pillage, and suffers guilt over the death of Helga ( Samantha Bond ), an innocent woman.

no: Soga om Eirik Viking ( film )

Some researchers have also posited this etymological relation may show the schiltron is directly descended from the Anglo-Saxon shield wall, and still others give evidence " schiltron " is a name derived from a Viking circular formation ( generally no less than a thousand fighters ) in extremely close formation, intended to present an enemy's cavalry charge with an " infinite " obstacle ( that is, a perimeter horses refuse to breach ).

Ormr may have been a Viking who settled here, became a Christian and founded the church but there are no other records or archeological evidence to support this and Ormr's identity is unknown.