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The War of Devolution ( 1667 – 68 ) saw Louis XIV's French armies overrun the Habsburg-controlled Spanish Netherlands and the Franche-Comté, but forced to give most of it back by a Triple Alliance of England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
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War and Devolution
Aachen was chosen as the site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the first congress of Aachen ( often referred to as Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English ) in 1668, leading to the First Treaty of Aachen in the same year which ended the War of Devolution.
France fought the War of Devolution against Spain in 1667.
* 1667 – The French Royal Army crosses the border into the Spanish Netherlands, starting the War of Devolution opposing France to the Spanish Empire and the Triple Alliance.
Bourbon France challenged Habsburg Spain's supremacy in the Franco-Spanish War ( 1635 – 59 ); gaining definitive ascendancy in the War of Devolution ( 1667 – 68 ), and the Franco-Dutch War ( 1672 – 78 ), under the leadership of Louis XIV.
* May 24 – The War of Devolution begins: France invades Flanders and Franche-Comté.
* May 2 – The first Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of Devolution.
* War of Devolution, Franco-Dutch War, War of the Reunions, Nine Years War, War of the Spanish Succession
In May the French invaded, starting the War of Devolution ; Charles hoped, by procrastinating the talks at Breda, to gain enough time to ready his fleet in order to obtain concessions from the Dutch, using the French advance as leverage.
It was later taken by the French Marshal Turenne in the War of Devolution of 1667, then occupied by France until 1706 along with Southern Flanders in general.
* Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ( 1668 ), ending the War of Devolution
Condé conquered the Franche-Comté during the War of Devolution and led the French armies in the Franco-Dutch War together with Turenne.
Soon afterwards Condé, now reconciled with the king, rivaled Turenne's success by the rapid conquest of the Franche-Comté, shortly before the end the War of Devolution in February 1668.
It shows Louis XIV and his wife, Queen Marie-Thérèse, in Arras in 1667 during the War of Devolution.
His talents were perceived by Turenne in the War of Devolution ( 1667 – 68 ), who gave him instruction in the art of providing armies.
By the Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle ( ending the War of Devolution in 1668 ) and Nijmegen ( ending the Franco-Dutch War in 1678 ), further territory up to the current Franco-Belgian border was ceded, including Lilloise Flanders ( around the city of Lille ), as well as half of the county of Hainaut ( including Valenciennes ).
The War of Devolution thus led directly to the Franco-Dutch War of 1672 – 1678.
War and 1667
This triggered a prolonged Russo-Polish War which ended with the Treaty of Andrusovo ( 1667 ), where Poland accepted the loss of Left-bank Ukraine, Kiev and Smolensk.
In 1654 the Ukrainian leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, offered to place Ukraine under the protection of the Russian Tsar, Aleksey I. Aleksey's acceptance of this offer led to another Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ).
During the Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ), Vilnius was occupied by Russian forces ; it was pillaged and burned, and its population was massacred.
* July 31 – Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for 6 years.
* January 20 – Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ): Poland cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo, which puts a final end to Poland's status as a Central European power.
The surrender of Fort Amsterdam to English control in 1664 was formalized in 1667, contributing to the Second Anglo – Dutch War.
The Second Dutch War ( 1665 – 1667 ) was started by English attempts to muscle in on Dutch possessions in Africa and North America.
The Second Dutch War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Breda ( 1667 ).
In 1667 he achieved another great victory over the Cossacks and their Tatar allies in the Battle of Podhajce during the Polish – Cossack – Tatar War ( 1666 – 71 ).
The loss of New Netherland led to the Second Anglo – Dutch War during 1665 – 1667.
The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the United Provinces from 4 March 1665 until 31 July 1667.
The next year, in 1667, the Dutch under command of De Ruyter executed a retaliatory expedition, and dealt the English navy a heavy blow at the Raid on the Medway ( also known as the Battle of Chatham ), in effect ending the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
In this Second Anglo-Dutch War ( 1665 – 1667 ) he won a hard-fought victory in the Four Days Battle ( June 1666 ) but narrowly escaped disaster in the St James's Day Battle ( August 1666 ) which brought him into conflict with Cornelis Tromp, eventually leading to Tromp's dismissal.
During the Great Turkish War ( 1667 – 1698 ), Slavonia was regained in 1687 when the Ottomans abandoned the region — unlike western Bosnia, which had been part of Croatia before the Ottoman conquest.
The French wars 1667 – 1714: The Sun King at War.
The Treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War and hence the hostilities.
In the 17th century, during the Russo – Swedish War initiated by Alexis of Russia, the Russians captured Daugavpils, renamed the town Borisoglebsk and controlled the region for 11 years, between 1656 and 1667.
However, he began to fall out of favour with the king, and the military setbacks of the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 led to his downfall.
The reign of the last of the Vasas in the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth would be dominated by the Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ), followed by the war with Sweden (" The Deluge "), the scene for which had been set by the Commonwealth's two previous Vasa kings.
War and –
Lincoln successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization.
On foreign and military policy, Lincoln spoke out against the Mexican – American War, which he attributed to President Polk's desire for " military glory — that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood ".
A decade and a half later, the Polish anthropology student, Bronisław Malinowski ( 1884 – 1942 ), was beginning what he expected to be a brief period of fieldwork in the old model, collecting lists of cultural items, when the outbreak of the First World War stranded him in New Guinea.
The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.
* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.
The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ); but, had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.
The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.
Causes include controversy over admitting Missouri as a slave state in 1820, the acquisition of Texas as a slave state in 1845 and the status of slavery in western territories won as a result of the Mexican – American War and the resulting Compromise of 1850.
* 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.
* 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins – in Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.
* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.
* 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded.
* 1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Germany ( see President Woodrow Wilson's address to Congress ).
* 1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 ( the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) and Operation Marita ( the invasion of Greece ).
* 1945 – World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
* 1945 – World War II: the Battle of Slater's Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.
* 1972 – Vietnam War: Easter Offensive – American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
* 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
* 1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid ( the Great Locomotive Chase ) occurred, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia ( now Kennesaw ).
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