* 1919 – The constitution of the Weimar Republic is adopted.

Thus, small minority parties cannot easily enter the Bundestag and prevent the formation of stable majority governments as they could under the Weimar constitution.

# When the newly elected Reichstag first convened on March 23, 1933, ( not including the Communist delegates, since their party had already been banned by that time ) it passed the Enabling Act ( Ermächtigungsgesetz ), transferring all legislative powers to the Nazi government and, in effect, abolishing the remainder of the Weimar constitution as a whole.

This decree, which would remain in force until 1945, repealed important political and human rights of the Weimar constitution.

A centralised totalitarian state was established, no longer based on the liberal Weimar constitution.

Weimar Germany, for example, in its constitution provided for a popularly elected president with theoretically dominant executive powers that were intended to be exercised only in emergencies, and a cabinet appointed by him from the Reichstag, which was expected, in normal circumstances, to be answerable to the Reichstag.

The state concordats were necessary because the German federalist Weimar constitution gave the German states authority in the area of education and culture and thus diminished the authority of the churches in these areas ; this diminution of church authority was a primary concern of the Vatican.

In 1919, a national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year.

It is most often recognised as the place where Germany's first democratic constitution was signed after the First World War, giving its name to the Weimar Republic period in German politics, of 1918 – 1933.

The period in German history from 1919 to 1933 is commonly referred to as the Weimar Republic, as the Republic's constitution was drafted here because the capital, Berlin, with its street rioting after the 1918 German Revolution, was considered too dangerous for the National Assembly to use it as a meeting place.

The 1949 constitution increased the role of the Chancellor compared to the 1919 Weimar Constitution by making the Chancellor more independent of the influence of the Federal President and granting the Chancellor the right to set the guidelines for all policy areas.

The Weimar constitution provided that the president be directly elected and serve a seven-year term.

The system created by the Weimar constitution led to a number of problems.

Under Weimar the constitution could be amended without noticing ; any law passed with a two-thirds majority vote was not bound by the constitution.

In contrast to Weimar, political parties are explicitly mentioned in the constitution, i. e., officially recognized as important participants in politics.

During the Weimar Republic, the black-red-gold colours were the colours of the democratic, centrist and republican political parties, as opposed to the political right and political left, as seen in the name of Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, formed by members of the SPD, the German Centre Party, and the German Democratic Party to defend the republic against extremists on the right and left, to teach the population to respect the new republic and to honour its flag and the constitution.

Today its legal basis is § 140 of the Grundgesetz ( the German " constitution ") in connection with article 137 of the Weimar constitution.

Among other things, the court cited Article 140 of the German constitution ( Grundgesetz ) ( which in turn invokes Article 139 of the 1919 Weimar Constitution ) protecting Sundays and public holidays as days of rest and recuperation.

The Basic Law ( i. e. the German constitution ) of the Federal Republic of Germany strictly limits the reserve powers available to the President to prevent the situation in which the executive could effectively rule without legislative approval, which was the case in the Weimar Republic.

* Article 48 of the 1919 constitution of Germany ( the Weimar Constitution )

Under the existing Weimar constitution, under Article 48, the President could rule by decree in times of emergency.

The use of the term Länder dates back to the Weimar constitution of 1919.

The preamble and Article 1 of the Reichstag Fire Decree show the methods by which the civil rights protections of the Weimar Republic ’ s democratic constitution were legally abolished by the Nazis:

Although not part of the Weimar Republic, some authors also include the German speaking Austria, and particularly Vienna, as part of Weimar culture.

The design field during the Weimar Republic witnessed some radical departures from styles that had come before it.

During the Weimar years, some of these found traction with the German public, particularly in Berlin.

He travelled for some time on the continent, visiting Paris and Weimar, where he met Goethe.

It was not long after her arrival in Weimar that Johanna began to publish her writings, some articles on paintings with an emphasis on those by Jan Van Eyck.

After referendums on reestablishing to Länder borders as existed in the Weimar Republic all failed, this institution has not been used, as some little border changes can be done by state contract.

While Liszt had been inspired to some extent by the ideas of Richard Wagner in unifying ideas of drama and music via the symphonic poem, Wagner gave Liszt's concept only lukewarm support in his 1857 essay On the Symphonic Poems of Franz Liszt, and was later to break entirely with Liszt's Weimar circle over their aesthetic ideals.

With the exception of some years spent at Ossmannstedt, where in later life he bought an estate, Weimar remained Wieland's home until his death.

After assisting his father for some years at Weimar, he was called in 1793 to the chair of medicine at Jena, receiving at the same time the positions of court physician and professor of Pathology at Weimar.

Liszt saw them, offered encouragement and constructive criticism, and performed them some years later in Weimar.

The final 16 articles ( Articles 166 to 181 ) of the Weimar Constitution provided for the orderly transition to the new constitution, and stipulated in some cases when the various provisions of the new constitution take effect.

Even without these flaws, the Weimar Constitution was established under disadvantageous social, political, and economic conditions that have led some historians to conclude that it was doomed from birth.

In most countries, the head of state always grants such a request by convention, but in some systems ( for instance, the Weimar Republic in Germany 1920-1933 ) the head of state has been known to deny the Prime Minister's request.

To get away from the post-revolutionary confusion in Berlin the National Assembly met on 6 February in the town of Weimar, Thuringia, some 250 km to the southwest of Berlin, where Friedrich Ebert was elected temporary Reich President on 11 February and Philipp Scheidemann was elected as Prime Minister ( Ministerpräsident ) of the newly formed coalition on 13 February.

* 1739 – 1742 Bach starts revising some of his Weimar period Chorale preludes in a new manuscript ( the so-called Great Eighteen Chorale Preludes BWV 651-668 ).

This early Anthroposophy showed a strong Germanic predominance — English Anthroposophy was initially limited to a small anonymous club during WWI ; there also seem to have been some founding members from the Netherlands and other European countries —, and functioned as a German-speaking esotericism ; however, the choice of Switzerland over Weimar for the Goetheanum argues against a narrow nationalistic view of the Anthroposophical Society.

By this time, the electoral success of the National Socialist German Workers Party had alarmed London, and it was felt unless the Weimar Republic could achieve some dramatic foreign policy success, Adolf Hitler might come to power.

According to Vanguard of Nazism by Robert G. L. Waite, some of the psychological and social aspects of the Stormtrooper experience found their way into the Weimar republic paramilitary groups such as the Freikorps, which were largely made up of WWI veterans.

According to Tamir Bar-On, the arguments and the positions of the Nouvelle Droite can not be easily positioned in the traditional Left-Right dichotomy, noting that it is some sort of ideological synthesis of ideas of the Weimar Revolutionary Right ( such as Carl Schmitt, Oswald Spengler and Ernst Jünger ) and the New Left.

On obtaining financial help from King Ludwig I of Bavaria he went to study under Johann Nepomuk Hummel in Weimar for some months, and thence in 1832 to Vienna, where, besides studying composition under Simon Sechter ( the later teacher of Anton Bruckner ), he made a great success as a concert pianist.

In February 2006, near the German city of Weimar, thieves dismantled and carted away some of disused rail track, causing at least 200, 000 euros worth of damage.

Since the Kaiser's abdication at the end of the First World War, it had seen a series of major internal disturbances, including government takeovers, several general strikes, some leading to communist revolutions ( e. g. the Bavarian Soviet Republic ), By July 1920, which is when the Soviets were on the verge of taking Warsaw, the Weimar Constitution was still brand new and the humiliating Peace of Versailles, even more so.