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The Western Church, including the Catholic and Protestant denominations, are predominantly Augustinian in some form, especially as interpreted by Gregory the Great and the Council of Orange ( a Western council that anathemitized Semi-Pelagianism as represented in some of the writings of John Cassian and his followers ).
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Western and Church
In Western Christianity, this day is observed principally in the Catholic Church, although some churches of Anglican Communion and the Old Catholic Churches also celebrate it.
The celebration was soon adopted in several dioceses in France, and spread throughout the Western Church.
Though the title " abbot " is not given in the Western Church to any but actual abbots of monasteries today, the title archimandrite is given to " monastics " ( i. e., celibate ) priests in the East, even when not attached to a monastery, as an honor for service, similar to the title of monsignor in the Western / Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church.
Trinitarianism remained the dominant doctrine in all major branches of the Eastern and Western Church and later within Protestantism until modern times.
When the Western Roman Empire was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic Church as a spiritual City of God ( in a book of the same name ), distinct from the material Earthly City.
In 1893, Sir W. M. Ramsay in The Church in the Roman Empire held that the Codex Bezae ( the Western text ) rested on a recension made in Asia Minor ( somewhere between Ephesus and southern Galatia ), not later than about the middle of the 2nd century.
Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.
Since the break the Church of England, an established national church, still considers itself part of the broader Western Catholic tradition as well as being the " mother church " of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
Liturgical rites of the Catholic Church, both Western and Eastern, other than the Roman, have a variety of other forms for celebrating the sacrament.
Widely accepted among Western Christians, including the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church and most liturgical Protestant denominations, the Athanasian Creed has been used in public worship less and less frequently.
Athanasius is venerated as a Christian saint, whose feast day is 2 May in Western Christianity, 15 May in the Coptic Orthodox Church, and 18 January in the other Eastern Orthodox Churches.
It is widely used by a number of Christian denominations for both liturgical and catechetical purposes, most visibly by liturgical Churches of Western tradition, including the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Western Orthodoxy.
It may come from a custom in the late Roman / early Christian era, wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen, which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day.
Known as Tractarians after their production of Tracts for the Times on theological issues, they advanced the case for the Church of England being essentially a part of the ' Western Church ', of which the Roman Catholic Church was the chief representative.
It is widely used by a number of Christian denominations for both liturgical and catechetical purposes, most visibly by liturgical Churches of Western Christian tradition, including the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Western Orthodoxy.
The Athanasian Creed, received in the Western Church as having the same status as the Nicene and Chalcedonian, says: " We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity ; neither confounding the Persons nor dividing the Substance.
Though Western culture contained several polytheistic religions during its early years under the Greek and Roman empires, as the centralized Roman power waned, the dominance of the Catholic Church was the only consistent force in Europe.
Western and including
The first Western literature, including the Hurrian – Hittite literature, the first Greek polis and the two main schools of Ancient Greek philosophy seem to originate in this region.
By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.
The group is usually divided into two sub-groups: Western Baltic, containing only extinct languages, and Eastern Baltic, containing both extinct and the two living languages in the group: Lithuanian ( including both Standard Lithuanian and Samogitian ) and Latvian ( including both literary Latvian and Latgalian ).
The plague disease, generally thought to be caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic ( commonly present ) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda.
Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians, Latvians ( including Latgalians ) — all Eastern Balts — as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Galindians — the Western Balts — whose languages and cultures are now extinct.
Conservation has six specialist areas: ceramics & glass ; metals ; organic material ( including textiles ); stone, wall paintings and mosaics ; Eastern pictorial art and Western pictorial art.
Allenby's force, now including Indian Army units which replaced a number of British units sent to the Western Front, captured the southern Jordan Valley in 1918 and carried out two major, but unsuccessful attacks to Amman and Es Salt and occupied part of the Jordan Valley, during preparations for his final successful assault in September at the Battle of Megiddo.
He spent months travelling Western Europe, including extended stays in France and Switzerland, and spontaneously decided to visit Japan.
It argues that " Western powers " aided Nazi rearmament and aggression, including that American bankers and industrialists provided capital for the growth of German war industries, while deliberately encouraging Hitler to expand eastward.
Government forces clashed violently with rebel forces, including the Movement for Democracy and Development, MDD, National Revival Committee for Peace and Democracy ( CSNPD ), Chadian National Front ( FNT ) and the Western Armed Forces ( FAO ), near Lake Chad and in southern regions of the country.
For many reasons, including its age and its popularity among Western militaries, it is one of the most universally known card games in existence.
Many games, including card games, are fabricated by science fiction authors and screenwriters to distance a culture depicted in the story from present-day Western culture.
Western cultures are thus said to be losing the spirit of community that once were found in institutions including churches and community centers.
On top of this there are many non-European clowning traditions ( including clown-like figures in Japanese Kabuki theatre ), North American native shaman traditions to consider which may or may not have influenced what we now think of as a clown in the Western world.
The Apostles ' Creed is widely used by most Christian denominations for both liturgical and catechetical purposes, most visibly by liturgical Churches of Western tradition, including the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, Lutheranism, the Anglican Communion, and Western Orthodoxy.
Similar plant communities are found in the four other Mediterranean climate regions around the world, including the Mediterranean Basin ( where it is known as maquis ), central Chile ( where it is called matorral ), South African Cape Region ( known there as fynbos ), and in Western and Southern Australia.
Further deterioration occurred as a result of the Sept. 1, 1983 Soviet shoot down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near Moneron Island carrying 269 people including a sitting US congressman, Larry McDonald, and over Reagan's stationing of intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Western Europe.
Western and Catholic
While 2 November remained the liturgical celebration, in time the entire month of November became associated in the Western Catholic tradition with prayer for the departed ; lists of names of those to be remembered being placed in the proximity of the altar on which the sacrifice of the mass is offered.
On Elizabeth's death in 1603, the 1559 book, substantially that of 1552 which had been regarded as offensive by the likes of Bishop Stephen Gardiner as being a break with the tradition of the Western church, had come to be regarded in some quarters as unduly Catholic.
In the Catholic Church ( both the Western and Eastern Catholic Churches ) the act of canonization is reserved to the Holy See and occurs at the conclusion of a long process requiring extensive proof that the person proposed for canonization lived and died in such an exemplary and holy way that he or she is worthy to be recognized as a saint.
The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating evolution of modern European civil law traditions.
The Council is considered by the Roman Catholics, Eastern Catholic Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholics, and various other Western Christian groups to have been the Fourth Ecumenical Council.
The word in English can mean either " including a wide variety of things ; all-embracing " or " of the Roman Catholic faith " as " relating to the historic doctrine and practice of the Western Church.
However, the church in communion with the Bishop of Rome, both in its Western form and in that of the Eastern Catholic Churches, has always considered itself to be the historic Catholic Church, with all others as " non-Catholics " and regularly refers to itself as " the Catholic Church ".
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