* Colony collapse disorder, a phenomenon involving the abrupt disappearance of the worker bees in a beehive or Western honey bee colony

; European / Western / Common honey bee

It is variously called the European, Western or Common honey bee in different parts of the world.

This would fit the hypothesis that the ancestral stock of cave-nesting honey bees was separated into the Western group of E Africa and the Eastern group of tropical Asia by desertification in the Middle East and adjacent regions, which caused declines of foodplants and trees which provided nest sites, eventually causing gene flow to cease.

That the Western honey bee has been intensively managed by humans since many millennia – including hybridization and introductions – has apparently increased the speed of its evolution and confounded the DNA sequence data to a point where little of substance can be said about the exact relationships of many A. mellifera subspecies.

Other species of bees differ in various details of their behavior and pollen-gathering habits, and it should be remembered that honey bees are not native to the Western Hemisphere ; all pollination of native plants in the Americas has been historically performed by various native bees.

Insecticides can kill bees and may be a cause of pollinator decline, the loss of bees that pollinate plants, and colony collapse disorder ( CCD ), in which worker bees from a beehive or Western honey bee colony abruptly disappear.

Africanized honey bees, known colloquially as " killer bees ," are some hybrid varieties of the Western honey bee species, ( Apis mellifera ), produced originally by cross-breeding of the African honey bee A. m. scutellata, with various European honey bees such as the Italian bee A. m. ligustica and the Iberian bee A. m. iberiensis.

Western honey bees differentiated into geographic races as they spread from Africa into Eurasia.

The Africanized honey bees in the Western Hemisphere are of mixed descent from 26 Tanganyikan queen bees of A. m. scutellata, accidentally released by a replacement bee-keeper in 1957 near Rio Claro, São Paulo, in the southeast of Brazil, from hives operated by biologist Warwick E. Kerr, who had interbred honey bees from Europe and southern Africa.

The Western honey bee is the third insect to have its genome mapped, and is unusual in having very few transposons.

It took until the 11th century, as a product of The Crusades bringing new culinary ingredients to Western Europe, for flavorings such as orange blossom water to be added to the oublies ; however, locally-sourced honey and other flavorings may have already been in use before that time.

This parasite apparently also infects the Western honey bee.

Western honey bees prefer nest cavities approximately 45 litres in volume and avoid those smaller than 10 or larger than 100 litres.

Western honey bees show several nest-site preferences: the height above ground is usually between and, entrance positions tend to face downward, Equatorial-facing entrances are favored, and nest sites over from the parent colony are preferred.

European hornet with the remnants of a Western honey bee | honey bee

The name of Western Desert Art Movement, Papunya Tula, means " honey ant dreaming ".

In Europe and America the species universally managed by beekeepers is the Western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ).

Roger Morse and Nicholas Calderone of Cornell University, attempted to quantify the effects of just one pollinator, the Western honey bee, on only US food crops.

:* Common appearances of cutaneous edema are observed with mosquito bites, spider bites, bee stings ( wheal and flare ), and skin contact with certain plants such as Poison Ivy or Western Poison Oak, the latter of which are termed contact dermatitis.

The combination of light weight and resistance to decay has led to Thuja plicata ( Western Redcedar ) being widely used for the construction of bee hives.

The honey bee life cycle, here referring exclusively to the domesticated Western honey bee, depends greatly on their social structure.

A Western honey bee | European honey bee extracts nectar.

# REDIRECT Western honey bee

# REDIRECT Western honey bee

Apis mellifera mellifera is no longer a significant commercial subspecies of the Western honey bee, but there are a number of dedicated hobbyist beekeepers that keep these bees in Europe and other parts of the world.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

While the pattern is uneven, some having gained more than others, nationalism has in fact served the Western peoples well.

While it is hazardous to project the trend of history, it seems clear that a genuine community is painfully emerging in the Western world, particularly among the countries of Western Europe.

That time is now past and the Atlantic nations, if they are to survive, must develop a full-fledged community, and they must also look beyond the frontiers of `` Western civilization '' toward a world-wide `` concert of free nations ''.

So far as the record is concerned, the Western powers have not acquiesced and should not do so.

The Inter-american Press Association, which blankets the Western Hemisphere from northern Canada to Cape Horn, is meeting in New York City this week for the first time in eleven years.

It is quite evident that the people of Western Europe are overwhelmingly opposed to participation in a nuclear war.

Or the city can be a graveyard monument to Western intransigence, if that is what the West wants.

No matter that it is his troops who rape Western women and eat Western men.

No matter that the Katanga operation is strategically insane in terms of Western interests in Africa.

The gulf between the `` rich '' and the `` poor '' has narrowed, in the industrialized Western world, to the point that the word `` poor '' is hardly applicable.

The most unusual of them is the Ithaca 49 ( about $20, $5 for a saddle scabbard ) -- a lever-action single-shot patterned after the famous Winchester lever-action and featuring the Western look.

Certainly, it is the traditional clarity of his music which has endeared him to the Western World -- not his experimentations.

Now, you probably share the widespread Western belief that the Lord Buddha is the most compassionate of the gods, much more so than Jehovah and Allah and the rest.

And is Western influence greater or less than it used to be??

Fearful of inviting a military showdown with the West which they could not win, the Communists seek to undermine Western power where the nuclear might of the West is irrelevant -- in backwoods guerrilla skirmishes, in mob uprisings in the streets, in parliaments, in clandestine meetings of undercover conspirators, at the United Nations, on the propaganda front, at diplomatic conferences -- preferably at the highest level.

After Cuba and Laos, it was argued, Mr. Khrushchev will interpret the President's consent to the meeting as further evidence of Western weakness -- perhaps even panic -- and is certain to try to exploit the advantage he now believes he holds.

This is an area nearly as large as Western Europe ; ;

If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic -- well, the record itself is not too encouraging.