Most archaeologists now connect the Xia to excavations at Erlitou in central Henan province, where a bronze smelter from around 2000 BC was unearthed.

In the ensuing years, China was divided between the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Tangut Western Xia.

In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China ( then comprising the Western Xia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and Southern Song Dynasty ) by Genghis Khan until Kublai Khan, who eventually established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, with their armies was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas.

In China, there was a triangular affair of continued war and peace settlements between the Song Dynasty, the Tanguts-led Western Xia in the northwest, and the Khitans of the Liao Dynasty in the northeast.

Sima Qian relates that the dynasty itself was founded 13 generations later, when Xie's descendent Tang overthrew the impious and cruel final Xia ruler in the Battle of Mingtiao.

The tradition of tracing Chinese political history from heroic early emperors to the Xia to succeeding dynasties comes from the idea of the Mandate of Heaven, in which only one legitimate dynasty can exist at any given time, and was promoted by the Confucian school in the Eastern Zhou period, later becoming the basic position of imperial historiography and ideology.

The Xia Dynasty was described in classic texts such as the Classic of History ( Shujing ), the Bamboo Annals, and the Records of the Grand Historian ( Shiji ) by Sima Qian.

According to ancient Chinese texts, before the Xia Dynasty was established, battles were frequent between the Xia tribe and Chi You's tribe.

Yu was successful in stopping the flooding and increased the produce from farming ( since the floods usually destroyed the crops ), the Xia tribe ’ s influence strengthened and Yu became the leader of the surrounding tribes.

The Qi state was well recorded in the Oracle script as the one major supporter of the Xia Dynasty.

There exists a debate as to whether or not Erlitou culture was the site of the Xia dynasty.

In 1959, a site located in the city of Yanshi was excavated containing large palaces that some archaeologists have attributed to capital of the Xia Dynasty.

A number of books printed in Tangut script during the Western Xia ( 1038 – 1227 ) period are known, of which the Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union that was discovered in the ruins of Baisigou Square Pagoda in 1991 is believed to have been printed sometime during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Western Xia ( 1139 – 1193 ).

In 177 A. D., 30, 000 Han cavalry attacked the confederacy, commanded by Xia Yu ( 夏育 ), Tian Yan ( 田晏 ) and Zang Min ( 臧旻 ), each of whom was the commander of units sent respectively against the Wuhuan, the Qiang, and the Southern Xiongnu before the campaign.

After Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and founded the Mongol Empire, the Tangut Western Xia empire was ultimately conquered in 1227, and the Jurchen Jin Dynasty fell in 1234.

However, this campaign was ultimately a failure due to a rival military officer of Shen disobeying direct orders, and the territory gained from the Western Xia was eventually lost.

The Western Xia Dynasty () or the Tangut Empire, was known to the Tanguts and the Tibetans as Minyak.

The Western Xia made significant achievements in literature, art, music, and architecture, which was characterized as " shining and sparkling ".

The founder of the Tangut-Western Xia was the Tuoba Xianbei from the Tuyuhun Kingdom.

In 1115, Jurchen Jin Dynasty was set up and Liao emperor fled to Western Xia in 1123.

The Western Xia army was also untrained and ill-equipped.

Chinese historians living in later periods were accustomed to the notion of one dynasty succeeding another, and readily identified the Zhengzhou and Erlitou sites with the early Shang and Xia Dynasty of traditional histories.

Genghis Khan first led the Mongols into Western Xia territory in 1205 and ravaged them four years later.

In later historiography and in modern Chinese the Tangut state is referred to as the " Western Xia " ( Xī Xià 西夏 ).

Through effective military organizations that integrated cavalry, chariots, archery, shields, artillery ( cannons carried on the back of camels ), and amphibious troops for combats on the land and water, the Xia army maintained a powerful stance in opposition to the Song, Liao ( 916-1125 ), and Jin ( 1115 – 1234 ) empires to its east, the last of which was founded by the Jurchens, who were the predecessors of the Manchus to found the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ) later.

The Xia troops were later incorporated into the Mongol army in their subsequent military conquests in central and southern China.

After the Yuan fell, the Xia who followed the Mongols into the northern grassland were immersed among and later classified into the " Mongols.

Two years later, he proclaimed himself Emperor of Great Xia in Chongqing, with the era name of Tiantong ( 天統 ).

In addition to the Mongol-Jin War, Ögedei crushed the Western Xia Dynasty in 1227, pacifying the Hexi Corridor region, which was later controlled by the Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan ( the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire ), lasted officially from 1271 CE to 1368 CE.

Shortly later, Han Xin proceeded to conquer the Dai kingdom and captured Dai's chancellor, Xia Shuo.

He forms a link between earlier painters such as Guo Xi, Fan Kuan and Li Cheng and later artists such as Xia Gui and Ma Yuan.

He represented a vital link between the Northern Song school ( Guo Xi, Fan Kuan, Li Cheng, and others ), and the later Southern Song painters, such as Xia Gui and Ma Yuan, both of whom studied Li's art.

He later mistakens Xia Xiangyi as Jojo.

He next attacked and defeated the Dangxian, or " Western Xia " people ( who later formed the Tangut state in 942 CE ), the Bailan, and other Qiang tribes.

Like most traditional Chinese measurements, the li is reputed to have been established by the Yellow Emperor at the founding of the Chinese civilization around 2600 BCE and standardized by Yu the Great of the Xia Dynasty six hundred years later.

During the Ming Dynasty and later periods, Xia, like his contemporaries, was completely forgotten.

Li Tang had numerous followers, and Xia was one of them ; however, as later works show, he soon developed a personal style.

Under Josetsu's influence, Shūbun started studying Chinese Song Dynasty painting by masters such as Xia Gui and Ma Yuan ; consequently, Shūbun's style was an intermediate step between early Japanese artists who imitated Chinese models very closely, and later artists, who developed a national style.

Krishna later meets with Kristian Li ( Bin Xia ), who attempts to raise funds to pay for his young sister's leg surgery.

** Consort Xia, the Lady of Guo, later wife of Li Zanhua

A remarkably similar account involving a similar mistress and a similar wine pool is given in the case of Di Xin, and given with the same implied moral judgement: Di Xin was also the last reigning monarch of his dynasty, the Shang dynasty ( which reigned between the end of Xia and the start of the Zhou dynasty which succeeded it ).

The first dynasty in China to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals is the Xia, which was succeeded by the Shang, although concrete existence of Xia is yet to be archaeologically proven.

Huizong was succeeded by Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia.