While the system was initially a respected body of concrete regulations, the fragmentation of the Western Zhou period led the ritual to drift towards moralization and formalization in regard to:

*** Sun Luban ( 孫魯班 ), initially married to Zhou Yu's oldest son Zhou Xun, later married Quan Cong

Premier Zhou Enlai had initially explored and moderately took in some of these criticisms.

She then summoned Liu Ruyi to the capital Chang ' an in an attempt that was initially resisted by Liu Ruyi's chief of staff Zhou Chang ( 周昌 ), whom she respected because he was one of the officials who insisted on Liu Ying being the rightful heir.

While the Zheng rulers initially supported the Zhou royalty, relations soured enough that Duke Zhuang of Zheng ( 757 – 701 BC ) raided Zhou territory in 707 BC, defeating King Huan's army in battle and injuring the king himself ; the display of Zheng's martial strength was effective until succession problems after Zhuang's death weakened the state.

The Qin initially attempted to capitalize on the mistakes / errors made by the Zhou, by either eliminating the source of error or reforming it.

She then summoned Liu Ruyi to the capital — an attempt that was initially resisted by Ruyi's chief of staff Zhou Chang ( 周昌 ), whom she respected because he was one of the officials who insisted on Liu Ying being the rightful heir.

He was initially very deferential to Zhou Bo, Chen Ping, and Guan Ying ( 灌嬰 ), who were instrumental in his accession, and they served as successive prime ministers.

Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong initially agreed with the decision, but when Mao Zedong saw the news in Dacankao, a newspaper accessible only to high-ranking government officials, he decided to invite the U. S. Table Tennis Team.

In the Eastern Zhou, the various states initially continued using the same forms as in the late Western Zhou.

Based on archaeological finds, Chu's culture was initially quite similar to that of other Zhou states.

Wu Guang was assassinated by generals under him ; Zhou Wen was defeated by Qin forces ; Wu Chen was initially successful but then declared himself the King of Zhao and became independent of Chu ; and Zhou Fu supported a descendant of the royal house of Wei to be the King of Wei, also independent of Chu.

He was initially sent to Zhou.

Zhou, who initially wanted to commit suicide when he was arrested but was persuaded not to by his wife, eventually committed suicide in prison by starvation.

It was because of this that Empress Dowager Dou wanted to create Wang Xin a marquess, a move initially blocked by his prime minister Zhou Yafu ( 周亞夫 ), although Emperor Jing eventually carried out the creation anyway.

In around 500 BCE, after the Zhou state weakened and China moved into the Spring and Autumn Period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began ( it is an interesting fact that this date nearly coincides with the emergence of the first Greek philosophers ).

According to Chinese legend, the Zhou lineage began with Emperor Ku and proceeded from him to Qi, Buku, Ju, and then Gongliu, before Gugong Danfu moved the Zhou clan from Bin ( 豳 or 邠 ) to an area in the Wei River valley, where they founded a town that became central to the Zhou clan's growing prosperity.

Jili's son, King Wen of Zhou, moved the Zhou capital downstream to Fenghao.

To move up the ladder in civil service, the men in these families often had to get transferred, and in the late years of the Qing dynasty, Zhou Enlai's branch of the family moved to Huai ' an.

Zhou was apparently not one of the occupying students and remained in France until February or March 1922, when he moved with Zhang and Liu from Paris to Berlin.

In his memoirs, Nie Rongzhen suggested that the gunboat had moved in protest of Zhou Enlai's ( brief ) arrest.

Zhou moved to the Jiangxi base area and shook up the propaganda-oriented approach to revolution by demanding that the armed forces under Communist control actually be used to expand the base, rather than just to control and defend it.

The Duke also moved the Nine Tripod Cauldrons to Chengzhou from the Zhou Dynasty capital at Haojing.

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty capital was moved to Chengzhou in 510 BCE.

After the Zhou capital was sacked by the Marquess of Shen and the Quanrong barbarians, the Zhou moved the capital east from the now desolated Zongzhou in Haojing near modern Xi ' an to Chengzhou in the Yellow River Valley.

Lu Su succeeded Zhou Yu as the Grand Viceroy of Sun Quan's armies and moved the headquarters to Lukou ( 陸口 ), yielding all commanderies of Jing Province ( except Jiangxia commandery ) and access to the Yi Province to Liu Bei.

As the national capital Haojing had suffered severe damage, and was located near the potentially dangerous Quanrong, in 771 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital eastward to Luoyi, thus beginning the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and ushering in the Spring and Autumn Period which would last for more than 300 years.

King Ping of Zhou moved the Zhou Dynasty east from Haojing to Luoyi, thus ending the Western Zhou and beginning the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period.

Some time during the 7th Century B. C., in the late Western Zhou or early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the State of Yan absorbed the State of Ji, a smaller kingdom to the north and moved its capital from Liulihe to that of Ji, in modern-day, Xicheng District of Beijing.

When Zhou Yu died of illness in 210, Lu Su succeeded him as commander of Sun Quan's military forces and moved his headquarters to Lukou ( 陸口 ), yielding to Liu Bei all commanderies in Jing Province ( except Jiangxia ).

The Zhou appeared to have begun their rule under a semi-feudal system.

In this period, local military leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their power and vie for hegemony.

The situation was aggravated by the invasion of other peoples from the northwest, such as the Qin, forcing the Zhou to move their capital east to Luoyang.

In each of the hundreds of states that eventually arose, local strongmen held most of the political power and continued their subservience to the Zhou kings in name only.

This mandate was said to be taken when rulers became unworthy of their position and provided a shrewd justification for Zhou rule.

In China, the right of rebellion against an unjust ruler had been a part of the political philosophy ever since the Zhou dynasty, whose rulers had used this philosophy to justify their overthrow of the previous Shang dynasty.

Mozi probably advocated this idea in response to the fact that during the Warring States period, Zhou King and the landlords spent countless time in the development of delicate music while ordinary peasants could hardly meet their subsistence needs.

Chinese steel swords made their first appearance in the later part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but were not widely used until the 3rd century BC Han Dynasty.

To justify their rule, the Zhou introduced the Mandate of Heaven.

The development of this mythical Xia, Allan argues, is a necessary act on the part of the Zhou Dynasty, who justify their conquest of the Shang by noting that the Shang had supplanted the Xia.

The Gang of Four resented the influence held by Zhou, and identified him as their main political threat in post-Mao era succession.

The most obvious purpose of this memorial was to eulogize Zhou, but the Gang of Four were also attacked for their actions against the Premier.

Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston in their study of a Vietnamese community in New Orleans find that preserving traditional ethnic values enable immigrants to integrate socially and to maintain solidarity in an ethnic community.

It does appear that their influence was in decline before Mao's death: when Zhou Enlai died in January 1976, he was succeeded not by one of the radicals but by the unknown Hua Guofeng.

Nankai preserves a number of essays and articles written by Zhou at this time, and these reflect the discipline, training, and concern for country that Nankai's founders attempted to instill in their students.

The arrestees were held for over six months ; during their detention, Zhou supposedly organized discussions on Marxism.

At their trial in July, Zhou and six others were sentenced to two months ; the rest were found not guilty.

In a letter to his cousin in 30 January 1921, Zhou said that his goals in Europe were to discover the social conditions in foreign countries and their methods of resolving social issues, for the purpose of later applying these lessons to China after his return.

Another round of arrests and executions followed Xiang's capture, but Zhou and his wife were able to escape capture because they had abandoned their apartment on the morning of Xiang's arrest.

The structure of the xing sinogram could reflect the fact that in the royal court of Zhou, at least in the beginning, only females ( wives married into the Zhou family from other clans ) were called by their birth clan name, while the men were usually designated by their title or fief.

To avoid a fatal confrontation with the enemy, Zhou and Mao maneuvered the Red army south and west, through Guizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan, feigning attacks on Guiyang and Kunming to disguise their movements.