In linguistics, ablative case ( abbreviated ) is a cases ( noun inflections ) in various languages whose common characteristic is that inter alia they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ.

Nouns in the Latin ablative case ( ablativus ) are mainly used adverbially to modify verbs.

The ablative case has 15 uses, descending from three Proto-Indo-European cases: ablative ( from ), instrumental ( with ), and locative ( in / at ).

In Ancient Greek, there was no ablative case ; its functions were taken by the genitive, so that the genitive had functions belonging to the Proto-Indo-European genitive and ablative cases.

As in Ancient Greek, the functions of the ablative case in Serbian are performed by the genitive case.

The ablative case is found in Albanian where it is the fifth case and is called rasa rrjedhore.

In the Western Armenian language, the ablative case is rendered by the suffix-e ( indefinite ) or-en ( definite ).

In Armenian, the ablative case has several uses.

* The ablative case is also important to comparative statements in colloquial Armenian.

* The ablative case is also important to case government with postpositions.

In Finnish, the ablative case is the sixth of the locative cases with the meaning " from, off, of ", e. g. pöytä – pöydältä " table – off from the table ".

The ablative case in Hungarian is used to describe movement away from a solid object.

* What is the ablative case?

Languages such as Ancient Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit had ways of altering or inflecting nouns to mark roles which are not specially marked in English, such as the ablative case (" John kicked the ball away from the house ") and the instrumental case (" John kicked the ball with his foot ").

* The ablative case indicates movement from something, or cause: The victim went from us to see the doctor.

Medieval codices are constructed in " gathers " which are folded ( compare " folio ", " leaf, page " ablative case of Latin folium ), then stacked together like a newspaper and sewn together at the fold.

The literal translation would be " at first face " or " at first appearance ", from the feminine form of primus (" first ") and facies (" face "), both in the ablative case.

Sanskrit has eight cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative and instrumental.

The grammarian Pāṇini identified six semantic roles or karaka, which are related to the seven Sanskrit cases ( nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, and locative ), but not in a one-to-one way.

Absolute constructions occur with other grammatical cases in Indo-European languages, such as accusative absolute, ablative absolute in Latin, dative absolute in Gothic and Old Church Slavonic, and locative absolute in Vedic Sanskrit.

The Finnish ablative is also used in time expressions to indicate start times as well as with verbs expressing feelings or emotions.

The ablative in Azeri () is expressed through the suffixes-dan or-dən.

The ablative in Turkish (- den hali or uzaklaşma hali ) is expressed through the suffixes-den ,-dan ,-ten, or-tan.

In Basque there are two classes, animate and inanimate ; however, the only difference is in the declension of locative cases ( inessive, locative genitive, adlative, terminal adlative, ablative and directional ablative ).

This isotope of radioactive iodine used for ablative treatment is more potent than diagnostic radioiodine ( usually iodine-123 or a very low amount of iodine-131 ), which has a biological half life from 8 – 13 hours.

The word originates from the Latin loco – " from a place ", ablative of locus, " place " + Medieval Latin motivus, " causing motion ", and is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine, first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines.

The phrase prima facie is sometimes misspelled in the mistaken belief that is the actual Latin word ; however, the word is in fact faciēs ( fifth declension ), of which faciē is the ablative.

Latin Annus ( a 2nd declension masculine noun ; annum is the accusative singular ; anni is genitive singular and nominative plural ; anno the dative and ablative singular ) is from a PIE noun, which also yielded Gothic aþnam " year ".

The few fourth and fifth declension place-name words would also use the ablative form for locative case.

Father Reginald Foster gives a lesson on the Latin grammar # Ablative absolute | ablative absolute in Arpinum, Summer 2004

In Ancient Greek grammar, the genitive absolute ( Latin: genitivus absolutus ) is a grammatical construction consisting of a participle and often a noun which are both in the genitive case, very similar to the ablative absolute in Latin.

The Finnish ablative has the ending-lta or-ltä according to the regular rules of vowel harmony.

* uncommon, archaic or literary use in certain modern Indian languages ( such as Marathi in which a separate ablative case has however disappeared )

It is also possible to use ablative materials in place of the active cooling systems, thereby reducing the complexity, but it appears this relatively modern technique has not been applied to the expanding nozzle technology in known systems.

It has not yet been determined how the effectiveness of this form of treatment compares to that of radical ablative surgery.

The player's ship has ablative armor and regenerative shields, and can take damage to its hull, crew members, and individual components.

After the de-orbit burn has been completed, the service module is then jettisoned, allowing it to burn up in the atmosphere while the crew module re-enters in the same manner as all NASA spacecraft prior to the Shuttle, using the ablative heat shield to both deflect heat from the spacecraft and to slow it down from a speed of 28, 000 km / h ( 17, 500 mph or Mach 5 ) to 480 km / h ( 300 mph or Mach 0. 5 ).

The Latin name has an irregular declension, with a genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative of Jesu, accusative of Jesum, and nominative of Jesus.

Meanwhile Captain Janeway and her crew have entered a transwarp corridor and fire torpedoes at the unprotected manifolds while traveling back to the Alpha Quadrant, but are pursued by a Borg sphere ship that has managed to withstand the pathogen ’ s effects and assimilate Admiral Janeway's ablative armor upgrade.

For example, unit DNE, a Mark XX in " Field Test " has flintsteel covered by ablative armor and SPQ / R-561, a Mark XXIII likewise has a flintsteel hull in " Though Hell Should Bar The Way ".

The lower nozzle has an expansion ratio of 21. 5 and is lined with an ablative material.

As an alternative to organotin toxins, there has been renewed interest in copper as the active agent in ablative or self polishing paints, with reported service lives up to 5 years.

) In addition, several areas of specialist knowledge surface from time to time: one example arises in " The Greasy Pole " where, while discussing the possible political dangers of building a chemical facility in Liverpool ( to manufacture the fictional compound " metadioxin "), Woolley is quick to remind Sir Humphrey that Greek, unlike Latin, has no ablative case ( Bernard may, like Sir Humphrey, have read Literae Humaniores, but equally a basic knowledge of Greek and Latin may merely suggest a standard classical schooling ).

The first line of the bull reads " Audita tremendi severitate judicii, quod super terram Jerusalem divina manus exercuit ...", in English " On hearing with what severe and terrible judgement the land of Jerusalem has been smitten by the divine hand ..." ( the phrase " audita severitate " is a Latin grammatical construction known as ablative absolute ).