Apart from this standardized version, there are five main Basque dialects: Bizkaian, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese-Lapurdian and Zuberoan ( in France ).

* Vasconic substratum hypothesis: This proposal, by the German linguist Theo Vennemann, claims that there is enough toponymical evidence to conclude that Basque is the only survivor of a larger family that once extended throughout most of Europe, and has also left its mark in modern Indo-European languages spoken in Europe.

Taken together, in 2006 out of a total population of 2, 589, 600 ( 1, 850, 500 in the Autonomous Community, 230, 200 in the Northern Provinces and 508, 900 in Navarre ), there were 665, 800 who spoke Basque ( aged 16 and above ).

In the French Basque Country, there are at least five other squat houses.

In China and the Philippines, there was a colony of Basque jai alai players and there were Basque supporters of Falange in Asia.

As the war extended over the Pacific, there was a shortage of Basque speakers and the parallel Navajo program came to be preferred.

The majority of white Bolivians are of Spanish descent, including Basque origin, but there are large German ( including Mennonite ) and small Croats, Asian ( notably Japanese Okinawans relocated there after expropriation of farmland by the U. S. military after World War II ), Middle Eastern, and other minorities ( Afro Bolivian ), many of whose members descend from families that have lived in Bolivia for several generations.

Overview: Designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism in 1982, the Government of Cuba maintained a public stance against terrorism and terrorist financing in 2010, but there was no evidence that it had severed ties with elements from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ( FARC ) and recent media reports indicate some current and former members of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty ( ETA ) continue to reside in Cuba.

In Basque Country ( Spain ), where bombings by Basque separatist groups were common during the 1980s and 1990s, there are three corps in charge of bomb disposal: Policia Nacional, Guardia Civil, and Ertzaintza.

In France, there are groups calling for devolution or full independence for Occitania, the Basque Country, Alsace, and Brittany.

In the Basque country the Sabbat ( there called Akelarre, or ' field of the goat ') was said to be celebrated in isolated fields.

* May 22 – The Spanish Republican Air Force sends fighters on a risky flight across Nationalist-controlled territory to Republican bases in northern Spain to support the Basque defense against Nationalist forces there ; seven of them arrive safely.

Also, he learned there that the pro-Nazi French government of Vichy confiscated the Basque Government's building and that the anti-Nazi De Gaulle maintained it as a Spanish Government's possession, given that the Basque Government has never had any international consideration other than representatives of a region in Spain at most.

In the Basque Country, however, most priests defied the church and opposed Fascism and urged their congregations to do likewise, and so on the ground there was little in the way of physical conflict between anarchists and Catholics over religion.

In modern Basque there is also the word berri which means " new ", so Iliberri is often interpreted as meaning " new oppidum " ( based on the fact that Aquitanian and old Basque are related ).

In the south of Spain, near Granada, an area far away from the Basque homeland, there was an Iberian city whose name the Romans also recorded as Iliberi, and here it seems the name recorded by the Romans is the phonetic transcription of Iberian Ilbirir, which comes from the Iberian stem ilbi-( meaning unknown ), and not at all from an hypothetical il ( t ) i-( town ) and Basque berri.

In the same pattern, a sizable number of permanent residents are Spanish nationals who officially still live in Madrid, the Basque provinces, or other areas of the country.

Native speakers are concentrated in a contiguous area including parts of the Spanish Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre and in the western half of the French Département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

In most areas of the Basque Country, the educational Model D, where all subjects are taught in Basque, except " Spanish language and literature " ( which is taught in Spanish ) is now the predominant model.

There are currently three etymological theories of the name Euskara that are taken seriously by linguists and Vasconists which are discussed in detail on the Basque people page.

All hypotheses on the origin of Basque are controversial, and the suggested evidence is not generally accepted by most linguists.

Percentage of fluent speakers of Basque ( areas where Basque is not spoken are included within the 0-4 % interval ).

Basque has no official standing in the Northern Basque Country of France and French citizens are barred from officially using Basque in a French court of law.

The language has official status in those territories that are within the Basque Autonomous Community, where it is spoken and promoted heavily, but only partially in Navarre.

The percentage of fluent speakers turns out to be even higher if those under 16 are also taken into account, given that the proportion of bilinguals is particularly high in this age group ( 76. 7 % of those aged between 10 and 14 and 72. 4 % of those aged 5 – 9 ): 37. 5 % of the population aged 6 and above in the whole Basque Autonomous Community, 25. 0 % in Álava, 31. 3 % in Biscay and 53. 3 % in Gipuzkoa.

The houses lining the Nive are examples of Basque architecture, with half-timbering and shutters in the national colours of red and green.

There are also important festivals of Jazz ( July ), Bayonne ham ( Holy Week ), theatre and pelota ( the Basque sport ).

There are regional rail services along the Basque coast, to Pau and through the Landes to Dax and Bordeaux.

The other members of the Bureau are all vice-presidents: Jill Evans ( Plaid Cymru ), Gustave Alirol ( Occitan Party ), Fabrizio Comencini ( Liga Veneta Repubblica ), Ana Miranda Paz ( Galician Nationalist Bloc ), Ian Hudghton ( Scottish National Party ), Sybren Posthumus ( Frisian National Party ), Sebastian Colio ( Basque Solidarity ), Dimitrios Ioannou ( Rainbow ), Rolf Granlund ( Future of Åland ), Reinhild Campidell ( South Tyrolean Freedom ) and Lucy Collyer ( Majorca Socialist Party ).

Other languages that use the ergative case are Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages, Mayan languages, Mixe – Zoque languages, Wagiman and other Australian Aboriginal languages as well as Basque, Burushaski, Hindi, Yaghnobi and Tibetan.

In the latter case, it would make Basque and Aquitanian form a small family together ( ancestors are generally not considered to be distinct languages for this purpose ).

Partial vigesimal systems are found in some European languages: Basque, Celtic languages, French ( from Celtic ), Danish, and Georgian.

Spanish law recognises the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Aragon, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Catalonia, Valencia, Galicia and the Basque Country as " nationalities " ( nacionalidades ), while in Italy, the German speakers of South Tyrol are considered to be Austrian nationals.

The centre-left group has five seats, the Basque nationalist Baiona Berria have two and the communist LCR one.

The EFA supplied ten members: two of the Scottish SNP, two of the Welsh Plaid Cymru ( PC ), two of the Flemish VU, one of the Basque PNV, one of Basque Solidarity ( EA ), one of the Andalusian PA, and one of the Galician Nationalist Bloc ( BNG ).

In the 2004 European Parliament election the EFA was reduced to four MEPs two of the SNP ( Ian Hudghton and Alyn Smith ), one of PC ( Jill Evans ) and one of the Republican Left of Catalonia ( ERC ; Bernat Joan i Mari, replaced at the mid-term by MEP Mikel Irujo of Basque EA ) plus two affiliate members ( Tatjana Ždanoka of For Human Rights in United Latvia ( PCTVL ) and László Tőkés, independent MEP and former member of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania ( UMDR ).

The two resistances, Basque Navarre and Cantabrian Asturias, despite their small size, demonstrated an ability to maintain their independence.

On the other hand, two communities ( the Basque Country and Navarre ) are " communities of chartered regime ", that is, they have full fiscal autonomy, whereas the rest are " communities of common regime ", with limited fiscal powers ( the majority of their taxes are administered centrally and redistributed among them all for fiscal equalization ).

During the eighth century, Pamplona and its hinterland oscillated between two powerful states, Moors and Franks, but they proved unable to permanently secure its rule over the Basque region.

In the north are the mountains of the provinces of Palencia and León, with high, spindly peaks and the mountains of the province of Burgos, divided in two by the Pancorbo Pass, leading from Castile to the Basque Country.

In October 2008 demonstrations were held in Bilbao to protest a Supreme Court decision the month before to ban two Basque independence parties, Basque Nationalist Action ( ANV ) and Communist Party of Basque Lands ( EHAK ), because of ties to Batasuna.

Football was introduced to Bilbao by two distinct groups of players, both with British connections ; British steel and shipyard workers and Basque students returning from schools in Britain.

Goikoetxea also played two games for the Basque Country national football team, in 1979 and 1988.

In the semi-finals of the same tournament, they beat their Basque rivals Athletic Bilbao 1-0 over two legs.

Or according to their familiar ties a usual marriage alliance was renewed between their families, interpreted in the Asturians court as a diplomatic victory over the independent Basque Duchy ; or, a much needed collaboration between the two Houses to reduce a seceding faction of the Alavese Basques risking a defection of these to the Banu Qasi down in the Ebro valley, with the hand of his cousin Munia as prize.

In the Basque Country, Euskal Telebista ( ETB ) has three channels, two of which broadcast only in basque ( ETB 1 and ETB 3 ), whereas the other ( ETB 2 ) broadcasts in Spanish.

Historically, Biscay was divided into merindades ( called eskualdeak in Basque ), which were two, the Constituent ones and the ones incorporated later.

With 156 of the 350 seats ( the PSOE won 141 ) Aznar had to reach agreements with two regional nationalist parties, Convergence and Unity ( Catalan ) and the Canary Islands Coalition, in order to govern with additional support from the Basque Nationalist Party.

Basque nationalism, spanning three different regions in two states ( the autonomous communities of Basque Country and Navarre in Spain, and the French Basque Country in France ) is " irredentist in nature " as it favors political unification of all the Basque-speaking provinces ( now divided in those three regions ).