As the ECJ held in Becker, another case involving VAT, " wherever the provisions of a directive appear ... to be unconditional and sufficiently precise, those provisions may, in the absence of implementing measures adopted within the prescribed period, be relied upon as against any national provision which is incompatible with the directive or insofar as the provisions define rights which individuals are able to assert against the State.

However, the possible absence of a center of symmetry not only moves the hydrogen atom off Af, but also allows the oxygen atoms to become nonequivalent, with Af at Af and Af at Af ( space group Af ), where Af represents the oxygens on one side of the Af layers and Af those on the other side.

The suburban high school, it is worth noting, also is not a widely comprehensive high school because of the absence of vocational programs.

It is borne out also by the absence of any developed theory about how sin passes from one generation to the next.

The absence of a turret also meant that tank destroyers could be manufactured significantly cheaper, faster and more easily than the tanks on which they were based and fou8nd particular favor when production resoureces were lacking.

Albinism ( from Latin albus, " white "; see extended etymology, also called achromia, achromasia, or achromatosis ) is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to absence or defect of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin.

During the two year absence of his father ` Abdu ' l-Bahá took up the duty of managing the affairs of the family, before his age of maturity ( 14 in middle-eastern society ) and was known to be occupied with reading and, at a time of hand-copied scriptures being the primary means of publishing, was also engaged in copying the writings of the Báb.

Owing to the complete absence of mountain building and glaciation since the Permian ( in many areas since the Cambrian ) ages, the outback is extremely rich in iron, aluminium, manganese and uranium ores, and also contains major deposits of gold, nickel, iron, lead and zinc ores.

Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in the absence of precipitation.

Thus the Bauhaus style, also known as the International Style, was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design.

However, due to the absence of reinforcement, its tensile strength was far lower than modern reinforced concrete, and its mode of application was also different:

Some historians think Kling's absence was significant enough to prevent the Cubs from also winning a third straight title in 1909, as they finished 6 games out of first place.

It may also aggravate other types of generalized seizure disorder, particularly absence seizures.

Mass torts also involve high individual damage awards ; thus, the absence of class treatment will not impede the ability of individual claimants to seek justice.

Industry observers, however, speculated that the most important motivation was that a name change would help Nissan market stocks and bonds in the U. S. They also presumed substantial ego involvement, since the absence of the Nissan name in the U. S. surely rankled Nissan executives who had seen Toyota and Honda become household words.

Devanagari and related abugidas also use a diacritical mark called a virama to mark the absence of a vowel.

The absence of a stably annealed ends also means that the ligation efficiency is lowered, requiring a higher ligase concentration to be used.

They will also have no individual sense of direction in the absence of a group.

In the absence of the VFA team, there was no need for the " Same Olds " distinction and, by 1922, the other nicknames " Sash Wearers " and " Essendonians " that had been variously used from time to time were also abandoned.

At this time a further design evolved, reintroducing oars to create the galley frigate such as the Charles Galley of 1676 which was rated as a 32-gun fifth rate but also had a bank of 40 oars set below the upper deck which could be used to propel the ship in the absence of a favourable wind.

The word can also be used to describe a particularly insignificant or novel fact, in the absence of much relevant context.

It is also affected by differences in absorptivity and specific heat of the ground which in the absence of wind greatly influences the temperature attained by the superincumbent air.

The Mersa defence plan also included an armoured reserve but in its absence Ritchie believed he could organise his infantry to cover the minefields between the defended localities to prevent Axis engineers from having undisturbed access.

It is also distinguished from the works of these artists by the comparative absence of underlying motives or sentiment.

Other Aramaean sites also demonstrate a contemporary absence of pig remains at that time, unlike earlier Canaanite and later Philistine excavations.

Normally, the bishop of Hereford would have led the defence in the absence of an Earl of Hereford, but in 1049 the incumbent, Æthelstan, was blind, so Ealdred took on the role of defender.

This behaviour resulted in a return on assets for building societies which was at least as high as Plc banks and, in the absence of distribution, led to rapid accumulation of reserves ".

In 1525, Cortés took Cuauhtémoc and several other indigenous nobles on his expedition to Honduras, fearing that Cuauhtémoc could have led an insurrection in his absence.

The absence of a similar precaution in construction of his Mosè in Egitto led to disaster in the scene depicting the passage of the Israelites through the Red Sea, when the defects in stage contrivance always raised a laugh, so that the composer was at length compelled to introduce the chorus " Dal tuo stellato soglio " to divert attention from the dividing waves.

Pope Boniface VIII his extraordinary shortness of stature led the pope to believe he was kneeling, and to ask him three times to rise, to the immense merriment of the cardinals ; and that he had a daughter, Novella, so accomplished in law as to be able to read her father's lectures in his absence, and so beautiful, that she had to read behind a curtain lest her face should distract the attention of the students.

As Hammurabi was assisted during the war in the south by his allies from the north, the absence of soldiers in the north led to unrest.

However, Egypt ’ s strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.

The armed forces ' reprisals led to a full-blown rebellion in which the absence of opportunities for Tuareg in the army was a major complaint.

It was Albert's absence from Game 7 of the Rangers – Devils Conference Championship game that led to Rose's famed Matteau, Matteau, Matteau call.

Lack of evidence and the absence of any first person historical references has led some to believe that the mass suicide is a myth.

In the United Kingdom, in the absence of evidence being led, the foreign law is presumed to be the same as the lex fori.

The Bell Curve also led to a 1995 report from the American Psychological Association, " Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns ", acknowledging a gap between average IQ scores of whites and blacks as well as the absence of any adequate explanation of it, either environmental or genetic.

In the absence of her husband, Gwenllian led an army against the Norman lordship of Cydweli ( Kidwelly ), taking along her two youngest sons, Morgan and Maelgwn.

However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.

Godot's absence, as well as numerous other aspects of the play, have led to many different interpretations since the play's premiere.

This led one to attain a state of tranquility ( ataraxia ) and freedom from fear, as well as absence of bodily pain ( aponia ).

This absence of the apex predator has led to a trophic cascade in many areas.

In Edward's absence, the country was governed by a royal council, led by Robert Burnell.

Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he led an invading army southward into Northumbria, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513.

According to a report by the United Nations ' Food and Agriculture Organisation, land degradation has been exacerbated where there has been an absence of any land use planning, or of its orderly execution, or the existence of financial or legal incentives that have led to the wrong land use decisions, or one-sided central planning leading to over-utilization of the land resources-for instance for immediate production at all costs.

Its absence allowed a BNP-only Basque Government led by Carlos Garaikoetxea.

During that time, Klivian led a temporary Rogue Squadron in the absence of the " true " Rogue Squadron.

He was replaced by Fan Mei Sheng and Yuen's absence may have led to low ticket sales.

The absence of refrigeration led to a shortage of food.