A former aide recalled that Ribbentrop threw the German Embassy into chaos due to his erratic personality: He rose, muttering bad-temperedly ... Dressed in his pyjamas, he received the junior secretaries and press attachés in his bathroom ... He scolded, threatened, gesticulated with his razor and shouted at his valet ... As he took his bath, he ordered people to be summoned from Berlin, accepted and cancelled, appointed and dismissed, and dictated through the door to a nervous stenographer ... He cursed people in their absence, calling them saboteurs and communists ... It was my task to put his calls through ; his valet stood within splashing distance holding a white telephone ... Ribbentrop believed only ministers ranked above him: everyone else, including his ambassadorial colleagues, had to kept waiting on the line.

) When a landline phone is inactive or " on hook ", the circuitry at the telephone exchange detects the absence of direct current and therefore " knows " that the phone is on hook ( therefore, only AC current will go through ) with only the alerting device electrically connected to the line.

Occasionally, in the absence of palms, other trees or even telephone poles, may be used.

Justice Harlan ’ s Concurring opinion summarizes the essential holdings of the majority: “( a ) that an enclosed telephone booth is an area where, like a home, and unlike a field, a person has a constitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy ; ( b ) that electronic as well as physical intrusion into a place that is in this sense private may constitute a violation of the Fourth Amendment ; and ( c ) that an invasion of a constitutionally protected area by federal authorities is, as the Court has long held, presumptively unreasonable in the absence of a search warrant .”

Liquid crystals find wide use in liquid crystal displays, which rely on the optical properties of certain liquid crystalline substances in the presence or absence of an electric field.

If more than one charge is present, the total electric field at any point is equal to the vector sum of the separate electric fields that each point charge would create in the absence of the others.

In the absence of a magnetic field, this would produce a large pulse of electric current vertically in the upper atmosphere over the entire affected area.

Based on Ginzburg – Landau theory, the free energy of a ferroelectric material, in the absence of an electric field and applied stress may be written as a Taylor expansion in terms of the order parameter, P. If a sixth order expansion is used ( i. e. 8th order and higher terms truncated ), the free energy is given by:

Two such forces are the gravitational force ( gravity ) and the electric force in the absence of time-varying magnetic fields.

Any dielectric material develops a dielectric polarization ( electrostatics ) when an electric field is applied, but a substance which has such a natural charge separation even in the absence of a field is called a polar material.

Generally, in the absence of an electric or magnetic field, the concept of effective mass does not apply.

The drop is allowed to fall and its terminal velocity v < sub > 1 </ sub > in the absence of an electric field is calculated.

where v < sub > 1 </ sub > is the terminal velocity ( i. e. velocity in the absence of an electric field ) of the falling drop, η is the viscosity of the air, and r is the radius of the drop.

Pope's group reported in 1965 that in the absence of an external electric field, the electroluminescence in anthracene crystals is caused by the recombination of a thermalized electron and hole, and that the conducting level of anthracene is higher in energy than the exciton energy level.

By comparison, the Fermi velocity of these electrons ( which, at room temperature, can be thought of as their approximate velocity in the absence of electric current ) is around 1570 km / s.

This explains the low levels ( in the absence of measures to add moisture ) of humidity in heated structures during winter, resulting in dry skin, itchy eyes, and persistence of static electric charges.

The advantage of instant control, and the absence of flame, meant that hand-held electric lights began to replace combustion-based lamps such as the hurricane lantern.

By constructing a situation in which the electrostatic potential varies for two paths of a particle, through regions of zero electric field, an observable Aharonov – Bohm interference phenomenon from the phase shift has been predicted ; again, the absence of an electric field means that, classically, there would be no effect.

In the absence of unpaired electric charge, the equation becomes

In other words, electrostatics does not require the absence of magnetic fields or electric currents.

Therefore, in the absence of a magnetic field, the force is in the direction of the electric field, and the magnitude of the force is dependent on the value of the charge and the intensity of the electric field.

In the absence of an electric field, the force is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle and the direction of the magnetic field.

One method for dealing with this invokes the fact that, in addition to the divergence, the curl of any electric field in free space is also zero ( in the absence of any magnetic currents ).

Finally, because both the divergence and the curl of a magnetic field are zero ( in the absence of current or a changing electric field ), the Laplacians of the individual components of a magnetic field are zero.

( That is, in the absence of current or a changing electric field.

* Open-circuit voltage, in electronics, the absence of a load through which electric current would flow

However, the presence or absence of land masses at the poles is not sufficient to guarantee glaciations or exclude polar ice caps.

The troposphere extends upwards from right above the boundary layer, and ranges in height from an average of at the poles, to at the Equator .< ref > In the absence of inversions and not considering moisture, the temperature lapse rate for this layer is 6. 5 ° C per kilometer, on average, according to the U. S. Standard Atmosphere.

This absence of investment contributes to the marginalisation of these zones. When unfavourable agro-climatic conditions are combined with an absence of infrastructure and access to markets, as well as poorly adapted production techniques and an underfed and undereducated population, most such zones are excluded from development.

The absence of any form of paving between the headstone rows contributes to the simplicity of the cemetery designs.

In its absence, neutrophil elastase is free to break down elastin, which contributes to the elasticity of the lungs, resulting in respiratory complications such as emphysema, or COPD ( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ) in adults and cirrhosis in adults or children.

In many animals, however, the partial absence of melanin contributes to superior night vision.

One basic point of these perspectives is that a libertarian or emancipatory outlook requires openness of social space, tolerance or celebration of difference, and opposition to arbitrary authority ; an absence of such an outlook contributes to social closure and exclusion, thus producing social effects similar to a fascist regime ( e. g., oppression of minorities and lack of basic liberties ).

Gnomon is the name given to an aesthetic process utilized by James Joyce in his set of short stories Dubliners, whereby there is some absence, removal, or avoidance in each story.

The descriptive term white armour referred both to the absence of a surcoat and the absence of decorative trimmings: the rival German style was fluted, both for aesthetic reasons and for structural advantage in resisting crushing blows.

Dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern.

In 1998, Bordeaux's appeal court decided that Sergio Tornaghi could not be extradited to Italy, on the grounds that Italian procedure would not let him be judged again, after a trial during his absence.

" This tension and the absence of a clear " evil nature " ( distinct from evil actions ) offer Fett dramatic appeal.

Grafton's appeal as a favorable destination is due to its absence of zoning laws and a very low property tax rate.

Because it is difficult to determine exactly when a quorum was lost, points of order relating to the absence of a quorum are " generally not permitted to affect prior action ; but upon clear and convincing proof, such a point of order can be given effect retrospectively by a ruling of the presiding officer, subject to appeal.

In the absence of a specific appeals court, the only remedy from a decision of a Tribunal may be a judicial review to the High Court, which will often be more limited in scope than an appeal.

The absence of this theme raised the series ' appeal towards audiences without special liking of Gundam and Tomino's work and would continue in many following Gundam stories narrating about ordinary soldiers and people in these conflicts.

Lansky was a 23-year-old graduate student in 1980 when he took a leave of absence from McGill University and issued a public appeal for unwanted and discarded Yiddish books.

Most of the early development of the MST concerned exactly areas of Southern Brazil where, in the absence of an open frontier, an ideological appeal at an alternate foundation for access to the land-other than formal private property-was developed as a response to the growing difficulties posed by agribusiness to the reproduction of family farming.

However the standing umpires, Paul Reiffel and Billy Bowden, after discussion asked India if they wanted to reconsider the appeal and Virender Sehwag, captaining in the absence of MS Dhoni, withdrew the appeal after discussion with Sachin Tendulkar.

But fresh proceedings against his enemy obliged Tuzun to quit the capital ; and during his absence a conspiracy broke out which placed the Caliph in danger, and obliged him again to appeal to the Hamdanid prince for help.

Deputy Mayor Grant Hopcroft, who became acting mayor during her absence, became an ardent supporter of issuing the gay pride proclamation after opposing it in 1995 in a recorded vote and refused to allow an appeal of the tribunal decision.

In the absence of a specific appeals court, the only remedy from a decision of a Tribunal is by judicial review in the Court of Session, which will often be more limited in scope than an appeal.

Despite an unsuccessful appeal against his ban, the Blades still opted to agree a new contract extension with Kenny during his enforced absence from first team football.

Despite organiser Paulo Polledri's claim that the collaboration was an " appeal to civic responsibility by showing the effects of its absence ", The New York Times judged Ming and Hodgetts's reaction to " Skinner's Room " a " powerful, but sad and not a little cynical, work ".

As far as I know it had no connotations for Dorril ; indeed as I remembered it, the absence of connotations was part of is appeal.